Microwave Processing Techniques

Torres et al. (2006) reported a novel microwave processing technique to produce biodegradable scaffolds for tissue engineering from different types of starch-based polymers. Potato, sweet potato, com starch, and non-isolated amaranth and quinoa starch were used along with water and glycerol as plasticizers to produce porous stmctures. Figure 16.1 shows the manufacturing procedure of microwaved starch scaffolds. 

Kappe CO, Stadler A (2005) Microwave processing techniques. In Microwaves in organic and medicinal chemistry. Wiley, Weinheim, p 57... 

The microwave technique is widely applied to process polymer materials, e.g. in microwave cure [429], Microwave processing is a developing technology. 

In modern microwave synthesis, a variety of different processing techniques can be utilized, aided by the availability of diverse types of dedicated microwave reactors. While in the past much interest was focused on, for example, solvent-free reactions under open-vessel conditions [1], it appears that nowadays most of the published examples in the area of controlled microwave-assisted organic synthesis (MAOS) involve the use of organic solvents under sealed-vessel conditions [2] (see Chapters 6 and 7). Despite this fact, a brief summary of alternative processing techniques is presented in the following sections. 

T0220 E.W.M.C. International, Inc., Emery Microwave Process T0221 Eagle Environmental Technologies, Ltd., Plasma Technique T0226 Ecolotree, Inc., Ecolotree Buffer... 

KDC Technology has developed a cost-effective microwave sensor technique for monitoring constituents and moisture in a wide variety of products including foods (KDC 1993). The KDC sensor is adaptable to measurement of process parameters of products contained in tubes, chutes, bins, vessels as well as moving on conveyer lines. 

Giberson, R. T. 2001. Vacuum-assisted microwave processing of animal tissues for electron microscopy. In Microwave Techniques and Protocols (R. T. Giberson andR. S. Demaree, eds.), pp. 13-23. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. 

After microwave processing in batch, the product mixture is pumped out of the system, which is then ready to receive the next batch of the reaction mixture. As this technique has been just recently developed only few published reports are available [27,31]. 

Microwave heating techniques have been widely used in textile chemistry. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of microwave technologies and industrial applications. The characteristics of microwave interactions with textile materials are outlined together with microwave fundamentals in the heat-setting process. Further more, the limitations in current imderstanding are included as a guide for potential users and for future research and development activities. 

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