Aluminum complexes sulfates

High-purity spinel is a chemically derived spinel powder made hy the co-precipitation of magnesium and aluminum complex sulfates, with subsequent calcination to form the oxide compound. Purities range from 99.98-99.995%. Since it is chemically derived, the stoichiometries can he adjusted for virtually any MgOiAljOj ratio. The ceramic powders prepared hy this process can he hot pressed into transparent window materials with exceptional IR transmission range. 

Chemical Class Aluminum complex of sulfated sucrose Ciinicai Pharmacoiogy ... 

Multivalent ions in starch dispersions, particularly those of aluminum, calcium, sulfate and oxalate, will induce retrogradation due to complexation or competition for water of hydration. The ions can be introduced by hard process water or accumulate by leaching from paper during surface sizing or coating. The destabilizing effect of ions follows the Schulze-Hardy rule. 

Add 2 g of sodium fluoride, boil the mixture for 2 to 5 min, and cool in a stream of running water. Titrate the EDTA (which is released by fluoride from its aluminum complex) with 0.01 M Zinc Sulfate to the same transitory yellow-brown or pink endpoint as described above. 

Each 0.5 mL contains 7.5-mcg dose conjugated to approximately 125 meg of outer membrane protein complex, 5 meg of HBsAg, approximately 225 meg of aluminum as amorphous aluminum hydroxyphosphate sulfate, and 35 meg of sodium borate (decahydrate) as a pH stabilizer, in 0.9% sodium chloride. The vaccine contains not more than 0.0004% (w/v) residual formaldehyde. 

The temperature of aging was a critical parameter no particles were produced below 90°C, while the best results were obtained at 98°C. Finally, the particles had reasonably constant chemical composition, which indicates that one or more well-defined aluminum basic sulfate complexes were the precursors to the nucle-ation of particles. 

A sample of 4-nitrophthalic anhydride (64 g, 0.33 mol) was added to 500 mL of dry benzene, followed by the slow addition with stirring of 107 g (0.80 mol) of aluminum chloride. The mixture was then heated at reflux until the evolution of hydrogen chloride ceased, then cooled. The aluminum complex was destroyed by the addition of 500 g of ice and 200 mL of 12 M HCl. The benzene was extracted with water and with saturated NaCl and dried over sodium sulfate. The benzene was then removed, and the crude benzoylbenzoic acids were placed in a Soxhlet and extracted with methanol for 24 hrs. The extract was allowed to cool and after filtration gave 2-benzoyl-4-nitrobenzoic acid. Yield 10%, m.p. 158-160 C (lit. 163-5 C). The other isomer, 2-benzoyl-5-nitrobenzoic acid, was isolated by reducing the filtrate to one-third its volume and cooling. The yield was 50.0 g (55.6%) m.p. 207-211 C (lit. S 212 °C). A solution of 50.0 g (0.18 mol) of 2-benzoyl-5-nitrobenzoic acid and 50 mL of thionyl chloride was heated at reflux for 3 hrs. After the excess thionyl chloride was removed under vacuum, 500 mL of dry benzene was added to the pseudoacid chloride. Aluminum chloride (46.0 g, 0.40 mol) was slowly added and the mixture was heated at reflux until the evolution of hydrogen chloride ceased. After the aluminum chloride complex was destroyed... 

Acetonitrile also is used as a catalyst and as an ingredient in transition-metal complex catalysts (35,36). There are many uses for it in the photographic industry and for the extraction and refining of copper and by-product ammonium sulfate (37—39). It also is used for dyeing textiles and in coating compositions (40,41). It is an effective stabilizer for chlorinated solvents, particularly in the presence of aluminum, and it has some appflcation in... 

Boron tritiuoride etherate— -hexanol complexes have successfully been used to polymerize P-pinene, as well as dipentene, to yield resins with softening points >70° C (82). Limonene or dipentene sulfate has been polymerized with aluminum chloride in a mixed toluene/high boiling aUphatic naphtha to give high yields of light colored resins (96). For the polymerization of dipentene or limonene, 4—8 wt % of AlCl has been used. Polymerization of P-pinene typically requires lower levels of catalyst relative to limonene or dipentene. 

A quinoline—bromine adduct in hot carbon tetrachloride containing pyridine gives a 90% yield of 3-bromoquinoline (21) 3-chloroquinoline [612-59-9] is prepared by an analogous route, but in poorer yield. A quinoline—aluminum chloride complex heated with bromine gives a 78% yield of 5-bromoquinoline [165-18-3] (22). Equal quantities of 5- and 8-bromoquinoline [16567-18-3] are formed when quinoline is treated with one equivalent of bromine in concentrated sulfuric acid containing silver sulfate (23). 

Other Uses. Photochromic glass contains silver chloride (80) and silver molybdate [13765-74-7] (81) (see Chromogenic materials). An apparatus coated with silver nitrate has been described for the detection of rain or snow (82). Treatment with silver-thiosulfate complex has been reported as dramatically increasing the post-harvest life of cut carnations (83). Silver sulfate has been used in the electrolytic coloring of aluminum (84). Silver sulfate also imparts a yellowish red color to glass bulbs (85). 

Internal Sizing. The most widely used internal sizes are alkyl ketene dimers (AKD), alkenylsuccinic anhydrides (ASA), and rosin-based sizes that are used with papermaker s alum (aluminum sulfate with 14 waters of hydration), polyaluminum chloride (PAG), or polyaluminum siUcosulfate (PAS) (61). The rosin-based sizes are used under acidic conditions. Since the mid 1980 s there has been a steady conversion from acid to alkaline paper production, resulting in static to declining demand for the rosin-based sizing systems. Rosin is a complex mixture of compounds and consists primarily of monocarboxyhc acids with alkylated hydrophenan threne stmctures (62). A main constituent of wood rosin, gum rosin and taH-oil rosin is abietic acid. 

A disaccharide is added to a pyridine SO3 complex solution, which is prepared by reacting 5 to 6 times the molar amount of liquid SO3 as much as that of disaccharide with 5 to 10 times the amount of pyridine as that of the disaccharide at 0°C to 5°C, for sulfation at 50°C to 70°C for 3 to 7 hours. After the completion of sulfation, the greater part of pyridine Is removed by decantation. The obtained solution exhibits an acidity that is so strong that it is improper to apply the reaction with aluminum ion and, therefore, sodium hydroxide is added for neutralization. After the remaining pyridine is removed by concentration, 100 unit volumes of water per unit volume of the residue is added thereto. To the solution is then added aluminum ion solution mainly containing aluminum dihydroxychloride, the pH of which is 1.0 to 1.2, in such an amount that the aluminum ion Is present in an amount of 4 to 6 molar parts of the amount of disaccharide to provide a pH of 4 to 4.5. The mixture is reacted under stirring at room temperature and the formed disaccharide poly sulfate-aluminum compound is allowed to precipitate. After filtration, the residue is washed with water and dried. 

Modification of the top electrode may also be achieved. This was done by adding a small amount of surfactant, such as an ether phosphate or an ether sulfate, to the spin-coal solution of the luminescent polymer [89[. The lipophobic ether chains segregate at the surface of the (predominantly) hydrocarbon polymer, becoming available for complexation with the aluminum cathode which is deposited on top. Thus, the dipole in the surfactant points away from the electrode and lowers its work function to improve the injection of electrons. 

R)-aluminum-lithium-BINOL complex (0.024 g, 0.04 mmol) was dissolved in toluene (0.4 ml), and to this solution was added dimethyl phosphite (0.044 g, 0.4 mmol) at room temperature the mixture was stirred for 30 min. Benzaldehyde (0.042 g, 0.4 mmol) was then added at -40°C. After having been stirred for 51 h at -40°C, the reaction mixture was treated with 1 N hydrochloric acid (1.0 ml) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 10 ml). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica, 20% acetone/hexane) to give the diethyl (S)-a-hydroxybenzylphosphonate (78 mg, 90%) with 85% enantiomeric excess as a colorless solid of mp 86 to 87°C. 

Very often whole-killed vaccines are formulated with adjuvants, which are designed to enhance vaccine persistence and induction of immune responses. However, the only adjuvant currently approved by FDA for clinical use is alum, in the form of vaccines complexed with aluminum hydroxide or aluminum sulfate. Even with the help of alum adjuvants, inactivated vaccine antigens are presented to APC extracellularly, as opposed to intracellularly, leading to a bias toward antibody-mediated responses. Little or no cell-mediated response to whole-killed vaccines with alum adjuvant renders some vaccines ineffective. 

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