Aluminum acetate amalgam

Cyclic Peroxides. CycHc diperoxides (4) and triperoxides (5) are soHds and the low molecular weight compounds are shock-sensitive and explosive (151). The melting points of some characteristic compounds of this type are given in Table 5. They can be reduced to carbonyl compounds and alcohols with zinc and alkaH, zinc and acetic acid, aluminum amalgam, Grignard reagents, and warm acidified iodides (44,122). They are more difficult to analyze by titration with acidified iodides than the acycHc peroxides and have been sucessfuUy analyzed by gas chromatography (112). 

Aminoisoxazoles are obtained by reduction of 4-nitroisoxazoles with amalgamated aluminum, tin(II) chloride and hydrochloric acid, or zinc dust and acetic acid (62HC(17)1, p. 73). 

Benzopinacol has been prepared by the action of phenylmag-nesium bromide on benzil 1 or methyl benzilate. Usually it has been obtained by reduction of benzophenone, the reducing agents being zinc and sulfuric acid or acetic acid, aluminum amalgam, and magnesium and magnesium iodide. The present... 

Acetoxolone aluminum salt Aluminum amalgam Dinoprostone Aluminum tert-butoxide Megestrol acetate Aluminum chloride Acebutolol... 

N-Methylethylamine has been prepared by heating ethyl-amine with methyl iodide in alcohol at 100° 3 by the hydrolysis of N-methyl-N-ethylarenesulfonamides,4-5 -nitroso-N-methyl-N-ethylaniline,6 or methylethylbenzhydrylidene ammonium iodide 7 by catalytic hydrogenation of ethyl isocyanate or ethyl isocyanide 8 and by the reduction of ethyl isocyanate by lithium aluminum hydride,9 of N-methylacetisoaldoxime by sodium amalgam and acetic acid,10 or of a nitromethane/ethylmagnesium bromide adduct by zinc and hydrochloric acid.11... 

The neutralization values were influenced by reduction with strong reducing agents, lithium aluminum hydride, sodium borohydride, and amalgamated zinc plus hydrochloric acid (35, 46). For the most part, the consumption of NajCOj and of NaOEt decreased in equivalent amounts. This is further confirmation of the assumption that lactones of the fluorescein type or of the lactol type are present. The reaction with sodium ethoxide was shown to be no true neutralization, that is, exchange of H+for Na+, at all, but an addition reaction w ith the formation of the sodium salt of a semi-acetal or ketal ... 

Lithium aluminum hydride reduced )J-azidoethylbenzene to j8-aminoethyl-benzene in 89% yield [600], The azido group was also reduced with aluminum amalgam (yields 71-86%) [149], with titanium trichloride (yields 54-83%) [601], with vanadous chloride (yields 70-95%) [217] Procedure 40, p. 215), with hydrogen sulfide (yield 90%) [247], with sodium hydrosulfite (yield 90%) [259], with hydrogen bromide in acetic acid (yields 84-97%) [232], and with 1,3-propanedithiol (yields 84-100%) [602]. Unsaturated azides were reduced to unsaturated amines with aluminum amalgam [149] and with 1,3-propane-dithiol [602]. 

Reduction of oximino esters, i.e. oximes of keto esters, is very useful for the preparation of amino esters. Reductions are very selective since the oximes are easily reduced by catalytic hydrogenation over 10% palladium on carbon in ethanol (yield 78-82%) I094, by aluminum amalgam in ether (yields 52-87%) [750, 70P5], or by zinc dust in acetic acid (yield 77-78%). None of these reagents attacks the ester group. The last mentioned reaction gives an N-acetyl derivative [1096. ... 

Numerous methods for the synthesis of salicyl alcohol exist. These involve the reduction of salicylaldehyde or of salicylic acid and its derivatives. The alcohol can be prepared in almost theoretical yield by the reduction of salicylaldehyde with sodium amalgam, sodium borohydride, or lithium aluminum hydride by catalytic hydrogenation over platinum black or Raney nickel or by hydrogenation over platinum and ferrous chloride in alcohol. The electrolytic reduction of salicylaldehyde in sodium bicarbonate solution at a mercury cathode with carbon dioxide passed into the mixture also yields saligenin. It is formed by the electrolytic reduction at lead electrodes of salicylic acids in aqueous alcoholic solution or sodium salicylate in the presence of boric acid and sodium sulfate. Salicylamide in aqueous alcohol solution acidified with acetic acid is reduced to salicyl alcohol by sodium amalgam in 63% yield. Salicyl alcohol forms along with -hydroxybenzyl alcohol by the action of formaldehyde on phenol in the presence of sodium hydroxide or calcium oxide. High yields of salicyl alcohol from phenol and formaldehyde in the presence of a molar equivalent of ether additives have been reported (60). Phenyl metaborate prepared from phenol and boric acid yields salicyl alcohol after treatment with formaldehyde and hydrolysis (61). 

An attractive synthesis of cyclobutanones involves the titanium(IV) chloride catalyzed cycloaddition of mixed ketene acetals 46 with divinylsulfone (49) used as an ethene equivalent, The primary 2-vinylsulfonylcyclobutanones 50 formed can be desulfonylated to the corresponding cyclobutanones 51 in the presence of an aluminum amalgam.20... 

The C-F bonds in l,l-difluoro-l,2-diphenylcthane (5) are resistant to several reducing agents the substrate is recovered unchanged after exposure to 2% sodium amalgam in ethanol or to zinc dust in refluxing ethanol and refluxing acetic acid. It is only partially converted into a mixture of 1,2-diphenylethane and ( )-l,2-diphenylethene with lithium aluminum hydride in refluxing dibutyl ether. On the other hand, catalytic reduction over palladium catalyst is completely successful.74... 

Silver(I) acetate, 396 Silver hexafluoroantimonate, 467 Silver imidazolate, 467 Silver nitrite-Mercury(II) chloride, 467-468 Silver(l) oxide, 468-469 Silver(II) oxide, 469 Silver perchlorate, 469-470 Silver tetrafluoroborate, 471 Silver(I) trifluoracetate, 471 Simmons-Smith reagent, 210-211, 472, 598 Sinularene, 246 Slaframine, 114, 115 Sodium amalgam, 473-475 Sodium-Ammonia, 472 Sodium benzeneselenoate, 475 Sodium bicarbonate, 476 Sodium bis(methoxyethoxy)aluminum hydride, 93, 476-477 Sodium borate, 322 Sodium borohydride, 477-479, 499 Sodium borohydride-Cobalt(IF) chloride, 479 Sodium borohydride-Methanesulfonic acid,... 

On treatment with concentrated hydrochloric acid and aluminum amalgam, l-telluracyclohexane-3,5-diones decompose with elimination of tellurium. Their chemical behavior is determined by the presence of the dicoordinate tellurium center and two carbonyl groups in their molecules. As cyclic diketones, compounds 12 readily form oximes and dioximes under treatment with hydroxylamine. The former reaction is preferably carried out in dilute acetic acid solution, whereas the latter is carried out in basic... 

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