Energy devices, alternative

Furthermore, the design of nanoscale materials for application in alternative energy devices is a predictable way to develop a wide range of new technologies for an environmentally friendlier future. 

Insofar as the concept of elecbode is concerned, it is important to stress here that most electrodes for elecbochemical application in alternative energy devices are manufactured mainly by interfacing semiconducting nanosbuctures with conducting substrates. By combining different elecbodes, one can attain a three-dimensional (3-D) integrated elecbochemical cell [85-87]. Elecbodes can... 

As the rapid development of nanostructured materials continues, this book illustrates the impact of this class of materials on performance improvements of alternative energy devices, particularly those based on electrochemical processes. The authors make a powerful case for nanomaterials and nanotechnology as a way to transform such alternative energy sources into significant contributors to the future global energy mix. 

Incropera, F. P. and D. P. DeWitt. 2006. Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 6th ed. New York John Wiley Sons. Provides the basics of heat and mass transfer. This edition includes areas of current interest such as fuel cells and alternative energy devices, electronics cooling, microscale heat transfer, and biological as well as bioheat transfer. Contains an extensive collection of new, revised, updated examples and homework problems illustrating real life engineering processes. 

The fuel cell membranes offer potentially non-thermal full energy efficiency conversion as an alternative energy device. As mentioned, the requirement for the successful substitutes of Nafion membrane is low methanol permeability and overall... 

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) are being considered as a potential alternative energy conversion device for mobile power applications. Since the electrolyte of a PEM fuel cell can function at low temperatures (typically at 80 °C), PEMFCs are unique from the other commercially viable types of fuel cells. Moreover, the electrolyte membrane and other cell components can be manufactured very thin, allowing for high power production to be achieved within a small volume of space. Thus, the combination of small size and fast start-up makes PEMFCs an excellent candidate for use in mobile power applications, such as laptop computers, cell phones, and automobiles. 

Advances in designs of processes such as fuel cells and many others require reliable, stable, accurate, repeatable, and compact means of precisely regulating H2 flow rates. For these reasons, the descriptions of flowmeters will concentrate on the devices that are required for alternative energy processes, while also describing some of the others. 

Solids flow measurement is more important in the control and optimization of coal-fired power plants than in alternative energy processes. The mass flow of solids can be detected by impact flowmeters, which are relatively low-accuracy devices (1-2% FS). Better accuracy and rangeability are provided by belt-type gravimetric feeders (0.5% AF over a 10 1 range), which measure both the speed and loading on the moving belt, as shown in Figure 3.89. 

Alternative energy processes, just like any others, need to be protected from excessively high or low pressures. The methods of protection include pressure regulation, alarm, or safety interlock actuation when preset pressure limits are violated, and providing pressure relief devices, which need to be replaced after each operation (rupture disks) or can automatically reclose (relief valves). The features and characteristics of these devices are discussed in the following subsections. 

Shanin, Yu.I. (2002) Choice of hydrides for automobile hydride devices, Int. scientific j.for alternative energy and ecology, 3, 50-53. (In Russian). 

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