Alphabetical order groups

The elements in Group II of the Periodic Table (alkaline earth metals) are. in alphabetical order, barium (Ba). beryllium (Be), calcium (Ca). magnesium (Mg), radium (Ra) and strontium (Sr). 

The compound becomes an octane derivative that bears a C 3 methyl group and a C 4 ethyl group When two or more different substituents are present they are listed m alphabetical order in the name The lUPAC name for this compound is 4 ethyl 3 methyloctane... 

List the substituents attached to the basis group in alphabetical order using replicating prefixes when necessary... 

Ethers are named m substitutive lUPAC nomenclature as alkoxy derivatives of alkanes Functional class lUPAC names of ethers are derived by listing the two alkyl groups m the general structure ROR m alphabetical order as separate words and then adding the word ether at the end When both alkyl groups are the same the prefix di precedes the name of the alkyl group... 

Section 16 1 Ethers are compounds that contain a C—O—C linkage In substitutive lUPAC nomenclature they are named as al/coxy derivatives of alkanes In functional class lUPAC nomenclature we name each alkyl group as a separate word (m alphabetical order) followed by the word ether... 

Ketones may also be named using functional class lUPAC nomenclature by citing the two groups attached to the carbonyl m alphabetical order followed by the word ketone Thus 3 methyl 2 butanone (substitutive) becomes isopropyl methyl ketone (functional class)... 

In naming carboxylic acid anhydrides in which both acyl groups are the same we simply specify the acid and replace acid by anhydride When the acyl groups are dif ferent they are cited m alphabetical order... 

Aniline is the parent lUPAC name for ammo substituted derivatives of benzene Substituted derivatives of aniline are numbered beginning at the carbon that bears the ammo group Substituents are listed m alphabetical order and the direction of number mg IS governed by the usual first point of difference rule... 

If the same alkyl group occurs more than once as a side chain, this is indicated by the prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, etc. Side chains are cited in alphabetical order (before insertion of any multiplying prefix). The name of a complex radical (side chain) is considered to begin with the first letter of its complete name. Where names of complex radicals are composed of identical words, priority for citation is given to that radical which contains the lowest-numbered locant at the first cited point of difference in the radical. If two or more side chains are in equivalent positions, the one to be assigned the lowest-numbered locant is that cited first in the name. The complete expression for the side chain may be enclosed in parentheses for clarity or the carbon atoms in side chains may be indicated by primed locants. 

Systematic names formed by applying the principles of substitutive nomenclature are single words except for compounds named as acids. First one selects the parent compound, and thus the suffix, from the characteristic group listed earliest in Table 1.7. All remaining functional groups are handled as prefixes that precede, in alphabetical order, the parent name. Two examples may be helpful ... 

Sulfoxides. Sulfoxides, R — SO—R, are named by placing the names of the radicals in alphabetical order before the word sulfoxide. Alternatively, the less senior radical is named followed by sulfinyl- and concluded by the name of the senior group. For example, CH3CH2—SO—CH2CH2CH3 is named either ethyl propyl sulfoxide or l-(ethylsulfinyl)propane. 

Negatively coordinated groups are given before neutral coordinated groups in the examples of Werner scheme names above. Ewens and Bassett presented good reasons why that order should be reversed. The lUPAC rules (20) recommend that ligands be cited in alphabetical order regardless of their... 

Quaternary ammonium compounds are usually named as the substituted ammonium salt. The anion is Hsted last (3). Substituent names can be either common (stearyl) or lUPAC (octadecyl). If the long chain in the compound is from a natural mixture, the chain is named after that mixture, eg, taHowalkyL Prefixes such as di- and tri- are used if an alkyl group is repeated. Complex compounds usually have the substituents Hsted in alphabetical order. Some common quaternary ammonium compounds and their appHcations in patent Hterature are Hsted in Table 1. 

The groups are listed in alphabetical order of the senior researcher, but the other key researcher names are also mentioned. 

The substituents are listed in alphabetical order (disregarding the Greek prefixes) and attached to the root name. The names of substituents other than hydrocarbon groups are discussed more fully in Chapter 19 (see Toolbox 19.1). 

Note. In carbohydrate nomenclature, substitution at a heteroatom is normally indicated by citing the locant of the attached carbon atom, followed by a hyphen, and then the italicized heteroatom element symbol, e.g. 2-0-methyl, 5-N-acetyl. Substituents on the same kind of heteroatom are grouped (e.g. 2,3,4-tri-0-methy 1), and substituents of the same kind are cited in alphabetical order of heteroatoms (e.g. 5-N-acetyl-4,8,9-tri-0-acetyl). The alternative format with superscript numerical locants (e.g, N5,(/,(), ( -tetraacetyl), used in some other areas of natural product chemistry, is unusual in carbohydrate names. 

The following section presents in alphabetical order by chemical grouping the agents most often employed for disinfection, antisepsis and preservation. This information is summarized in Table 10.6. 

Organic compounds with the same number of carbon atoms are grouped together, and arranged in order of the number of hydrogen atoms, with other atoms in alphabetical order. 

In some cases literature references relating to well-defined groups of hazardous compounds or to hazard topics have been found, and these are given, with a condensed version of relevant information at the beginning of the topic or group entry, under a suitable bold title, the latter being arranged in alphabetical order in Volume 2. 

These features should be useful in attempts to estimate the stability or reactivity of a compound or reaction system which does not appear in this Handbook. The effects on stability or reactivity of changes in the molecular structure to which the destabilising or reactive group(s) is attached are in some cases discussed in the group entry. Otherwise such information may be gained from comparison of the information available from the individual compound entries listed collectively (now in alphabetical order, with serial number) in the group entry. 

In connection with the group titles adopted for the alphabetically ordered Volume 2, it has been necessary in some cases to devise groupnames (particularly in the inorganic field) to indicate in a very general way the chemical structures involved in various classes, groups or sub-groups of compounds. 

Simply lists (in alphabetical order) both groups that are attached to the oxygen atom and adds the word ether. 

Systematic names describe the molecular structure of a compound. A systematic name consists of two parts, . The is the name of a compound having a particular caibon skeleton. The are a list of one or more radical groups connected by chemical bonds to the parent compound. Substituents are arranged in alphabetical order within a compound name. If the parent contains more than one carbon atom, each substiuent name is preceded by a number identifying the carbon atom in the parent compound to which it is connected. 

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