Allium Garlic and Onion

Hosono, H. Kumagai, and T Ariga Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan. 

---

NHj R = ethyl, propyl, butyl, prop-1-en-1-yl and allyl Garlic and onion -Allium sp. Components that undergo decomposition to yield lachrymators 13... 

Allium oils are obtained from garlic and onion (Liliaceae). Their quality is assessed on the basis of their odor and aroma rather than their physical and chemical properties. The EOA specifications given below are, therefore, of limited value only. 

Ernst E. Can allium vegetables prevent cancer Phytomed 1997 4 79-83. Makheja AN, Bailey JM. Antiplatelet constituents of garlic and onions. Agents Actions 1990 29 360-363. 

Garlic (.Allium sativum) and onion (Allium cepa) are among the oldest of all cultivated plants and originated in central Asia. Garlic has been used as a spice, food, and folklore medicine for over 4000 years and is the most widely researched medicinal plant (see Ali et al., 2000). 

Se Speciation in Plants The presence of a number of volatile Se species was reported in edible allium plants such as garlic by GC-AES [79]. Selenomethionine, Se-methylselenocysteine, and y-glutamyl-Se-methyl-L-seleno cysteine were identibed in garlic and onion by HPLC-ICP-MS and ES-MS/MS [80]. Selenomethionine is the primary species found in all types of nuts (19D25 percent of the total Se) [30], sunBower [81], and mushrooms [36, 37], The distribution of Se among different fractions (lipid extract, low molecular weight, and protein fractions) of nuts and speciation analysis was studied [30]. Selenium was not detected in any of the lipid extracts obtained from the different types of nuts [30], Results obtained for Brazil nuts by SEC with on-line ICP-MS detection showed that approximately 12 percent of total Se was weakly bound to proteins [30],... 

Kendler, B.S., Garlic Allium sativum) and onion (Allium cepa) A review of their relationship to cardiovascular disease, Prev. Med., 16, 670, 1987. 

Van Ketel WG, De Haan P (1978) Occupational eczema from garlic and onion. Contact Dermatitis 4 53-54 Lembo G, Balato N, Patruno C, Auricchio L, Ayala F (1991) Allergic contact dermatitis due to garlic (Allium sativum). Contact Dermatitis 25 330-331... 

Diallyl disulfide is one of the major allergens in garlic Allium sativum) and onions. Among patients who are patch-test positive to garlic, all 13 who were tested had positive reactions to diallyl sulfide 5% petrolatum. 

Nock, L.P. and Mazelis, M. 1987. The C-S lyases of higher plants Direct comparison of the physical properties of homogenous alliin lyase of garlic Allium sativum) and onion Allium cepa). Plant Physiol S5(4) 1079-1083. 

Not only do people consider Allium vegetables important because of their characteristic flavor that contributes to the savoriness of various dishes in world cuisine, they are also aware of the nutritional potential of these vegetables since they are rich in nutrients such as high levels of phosphor, potassium, zinc, vitamins A, C and D, foUc acid, calcium and selenium etc. is also considered by people (Peter 2000 Rahman 2003). They are also rich sources of phenolic compounds (Vinson et al. 1998). Table 4.1 shows the approximate composition of fresh garlic and onion bnlbs. 

As in most fresh foods, water is the main constituent of Allium vegetables (Table 4.1). Although garlic and onion contain similar compounds to a certain extent, the amounts of major components in onion are rather low compared to those of garlic. Fresh garlic contains a moisture level of 62-68% (Table 4.1), while it is... 

---