Late asthmatic response allergen-induced

Cockcroft DW, O Byrne PM, Swystun VA, Bhagat R. Regular use of inhaled albuterol and the allergen-induced late asthmatic response. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1995 96(l) 44-9. 

Durham SR, Craddock CF, Cookson WO, Benson MK. Inaeases in airway responsiveness to histamine precede allergen-induced late asthmatic responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1988 82 764-770. 

Figure 3 Allergen-induced dual asthmatic response. Legend as per Figure 1. Inhalation of grass pollen extract in this subject resulted in a 28% EAR maximal at 20 minutes with spontaneous resolution at 2 hours, followed by a late asthmatic response with a 45% fall in FEVi 6 hours post-allergen inhalation. (From Ref. 122.)...

Cockcroft DW, Murdock KY. Comparative effects of inhaled salbutamol, sodium cromoglycate and beclomethasone dipropionate on allergen-induced early asthmatic responses, late asthmatic responses, and increased bronchial responsiveness to histamine. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1987 79 734-740. 

Single dose or short-term treatment with aerosolized steroids inhibits both the late asthmatic response and allergen-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness (45,92). However it does not affect the early asthmatic response nor does it induce bronchodilation (45,92). Long-term treatment with steroids protects against both the early and late asthmatic responses and also reduces bronchial hyperresponsiveness (44,71,86,93). Over time, the airways relax (dilate) and measures of airway function, such as forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV ), gradually return to almost normal levels. 

Robertson DG, Ketigan AT, Hargreave FE, Chalmers R, et al. 1974. Late asthmatic responses induced by ragweed pollen allergen. J All Clin Immunol. 54 244-254. 

Cartier, A., Thomson, N.C., Frith, P.A., Roberts, R and Har-greave, F.E. (1982). Allergen-induced increase in bronchial responsiveness to H relationship to the late asthmatic response and change in airway calibre. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 70, 170-177. 

Diamant, Z., Timmers, M. C., van, d,V., Page, C. P., van der Meet, F. J., and Sterk, P. J. (1996). Effect of inhaled heparin on allergen-induced early and late asthmatic responses in patients with atopic asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med. 153, 1790-1795. 

Dmgs that help control asthma and act as good maintenance therapy generally reduced the allergen-induced responses, including the late asthmatic response, while agents with minimal effect on these last, such as calcium channel blockers and antihistamines, were not found useful for this purpose (111,112). 

Cartier A, Thomson NC, Erith PA, Roberts R, Hargreave FE. Allergen-induced inaease in bronchial responsiveness to histamine relationship to the late asthmatic response and change in airway caliber. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1982 70 170-177. 

Inman M, Watson R, Cockcroft DW, Wong, BJO, Hargreave FE, O Byme PM. Reproducibility of allergen-induced early and late asthmatic responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1995 95 1191-1195. 

The role of IgE in the late asthmatic response has been established in human studies in which it has been shown that pretreatment of asthmatic subjects with rhuMAb-E25—a nonanaphylactogenic anti-IgE monoclonal antibody—attenuates the LAR (Fig. 1) (35). This study established a role for IgE in the LAR— a role that had been debated up to that point (60). It also provided suggestive evidence that anti-IgE treatment attenuates allergen-induced airway eosinophilia. 

Bianco S, Pieroni MG, Reflni RM, Rottoli L, Sestini P. Protective effect of inhaled furosemide on allergen-induced early and late asthmatic responses. N Engl J Med 1989 321 1069-1073. 

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