Alkyl poly

Polyamide and polyester fibres are generally scoured using an alkyl poly(oxyethylene) sulphate and sodium carbonate. Some polyester qualities are subjected to a causticisation treatment with sodium hydroxide in the presence of a cationic surfactant to give a lighter fabric with a silkier handle [154,156]. This treatment involves etching (localised saponification) of the polyester surface and is broadly analogous to the S-finish used on triacetate fibres. The process has attracted considerable interest in recent years but its... 

An important property of the alkyl poly silanes is their electronic absorption at relatively low energy. This was particularly surprising because such molecules lack tt, d ot lone pair electrons they were the first substances containing only bonding cr-electrons to show such long-wavelength absorptions. The unusual electronic properties of the polysilanes have sparked considerable interest in the chemophysical properties of these molecules. The UV spectra of cyclic polysUanes follow a quite different pattern . 

In this paper, we report the solution properties of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-alkyl poly(oxyethylene) ether (CjjPOEjj) mixed systems with addition of azo oil dyes (4-NH2, 4-OH). The 4-NH2 dye interacts with anionic surfactants such as SDS (11,12), while 4-OH dye Interacts with nonionic surfactants such as C jPOEn (13). However, 4-NH2 is dependent on the molecular characteristics of the nonionic surfactant in the anlonlc-nonlonic mixed surfactant systems, while in the case of 4-OH, the fading phenomena of the dye is observed in the solubilized solution. This fading rate is dependent on the molecular characteristics of nonionic surfactant as well as mixed micelle formation. We discuss the differences in solution properles of azo oil dyes in the different mixed surfactant systems. 

Anionic surfactant Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, C] 2 25 3 supplied by Nihon Surfactant Industries Co., Ltd Tokyo, Japan. It was extracted with ether and recrystallized from ethanol. The purity was ascertained by surface tension measurement. Nonionic surfactant Alkyl poly(oxyethylene) ether (CjjPOEjj, CmH2nhPlO(CH2CH20)2oH, m=12, 14, 16, and 18 Ci6H330(CH2CH20) H, n=10, 20, 30, and 40) were supplied by Nihon Surfactant Industries Co., Ltd. These have a narrow molecular weight distribution. 

CA 66, 39497e(1967) An aerated aqueous expl compn of improved sensitivity and regulated d and expl strength was provided by passing compressed air into a slurry contg 20—75% oxidizer (such as nitrates and perchlorates of NHa, K, Na, Ca, Ba, etc), 4—35% water, 4—60% sensitizer (such as TNT, Pentolite, PETN, smokeless propint, RDX or Tetryl ),A1 and Mg, 0.5—2.0% thickener (such as gaar gum, CM-cellulose starch), 0.6—5.0% surfactant [such as diethano lam ides of coconut lauric acids, triethanolamine salts, alkyl-poly (oxyethylene)s, arylalkylsulfonates mixed dimethylamine oxides]. Presence of... 

It was of interest to determine which of the metal-carbon bonds, Mg—C or A1—C, in alkyl poly(metal)silazanes such as 68 would be the more reactive. This was probed by treating 68 with cyclopentadiene or trimethylsilycy-clopentadiene [Eq. (30)] (73). 

A number of other substances, for example CC14, CCl3Br, and several other alkyl poly halides, aldehydes, and thiols, add successfully to olefins.150 Addition of Cl2, frequently looked upon as ionic, often occurs as a radical chain reaction, particularly in nonpolar solvents and in the presence of light or peroxides.151... 

Hydrocarbons (99 % purity) were from Aldrich and Sigma Corps. The nonionic surfactants used in this work were single component alkyl poly(ethyleneoxides) (for example C12E05), obtained from Nikko Chemicals Co. (Japan), dissolved in HPLC grade water at a concentration of 0.03 wgt. %. The use of static surfactant solutions at this low concentration has been found (5) to slow the removal process enough to allow the acquisition of several time - resolved spectra within the first 3 minutes of exposure. 

APG = Alkyl poly glucoside, SCI = Sodium cocoyl isethionate,... 

SLES =Sodium lauryl ether sulfate, SDS = Sodium dodecyl sulfate, APG = Alkyl poly glucoside, CAPB = Coco amido propyl betaine,... 

APG = Alkyl poly glucoside, SCI = Sodium cocoyl isethionate, CAPB=Coco amido propyl betaine, SLES = Sodium lauryl ether sulfate, MAP=Mono alkyl phosphate, SDS=Sodium dodecyl sulfate... 

The hydrolyses of the neutral substrates by partially alkylated poly(4-vinyl-pyridine) (I) were studied (63, 64). The rate enhancement is attributed to the hydrophobic interaction between the substrate and the polymer. In this hydrolysis, the rate of the substrate decomposition and the rate of the catalysis hold almost constant. It was explained that the deacylation step in the hydrolysis is affected by the bulkiness of the alkyl group in the polymer in which the alkyl group interferes an attack of water molecule on the acylated intermediate. 

Myristoyl-methylhydroxamic acid(VIII) which has an anionic catalytic moiety shows an extremely high nucleophilicity in partially alkylated poly(4-vinylpyridine) (IX). The rate of the acylation in the hydrolysis of PNPA(5) is given in ka =... 

Their research has demonstrated that covalent attachment of N-alkylated poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVP) to glass can make surfaces permanently lethal to several types of bacteria on contact. The group found a narrow range of N-alkylated PVP compositions that enable the polymer to retain its bacteria-killing ability when coated on dry surfaces. It is believed that these are the first engineered surfaces proven to kill airborne microbes in the absence of a liquid medium. 

Deniau E, Couture A, Grandclaudon P (2008) A conceptually new approach to the asymmetric synthesis of 3-aryl and alkyl poly-substituted isoindolinones. Tetrahedron Asymmetry 19 2735-2740... 

The utility of A-alkyl-poly(A-vinylformamide) was illustrated in the current invention by the author in the preparation of A-hexyl-A-dihydroperfluorooctyl polyvinylamine (1). 

Arylated and alkylated poly(p-phenylene sulfide) derivatives have been synthesized by the method shown in Eq. (33). Sulfonium ion polymers, such as 217, have potential applications as electronic components and lithographic materials [122]. 

The authors of this review have found that a fibre covered by grafted and then alkylated poly(2-methyl-4-vinylpiridine) ensures extremely rapid ion exchange virtually... 

Alkyl poly(ethylene glycol)ethers (non-ionic surfactants)... 

Recently, Schulten et al.(42,45) have proposed a new model for humic substances in soil based partly on NMR data but mostly on pyrolysis studies. This model proposes that the core structure of humic acids is alkyl-aromatic and alkyl-poly-aromatic. The lack of oxygen functionality and the fact that pyrolysis data for highly oxygenated humic acids may be biased in favor of more volatile alkyl-aromatics dictates that the model needs extreme revision or is simply incorrect. The recent studies of Saiz-Jimenez et d, (44) and Hatcher et al.(5 ) appear to refute the original model presented by Schulten et al.( 7) The NMR data appears to be in accord with the model presented by Schulten et al.( 7), however, NMR does not represent carbon structures with specific molecular-level detail. It only provides average information with a sometimes added benefit of added fine structure. 

R = H, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl R = (poly)hydro3 al l R = alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxydhyl R" = H, alkyl, (poly)hydroxy alkyl. 

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