Alkyl nitrates, structure

In a nutshell, NENAs provide higher impetus at any given flame temperature than many conventional energetic ingredients and it is regarded as their most outstanding feature [165]. A general method for the manufacture of Alkyl NENAs [Structure (4.25)] is by the nitration of commercially available alkyl ethanolamine (Equation 4.20) ... 

Other products observed in this first study with the long-path cell were aldehyde, alkyl nitrate, formic acid, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water. Several prominent absorptions vhich apparently all belong to one compound could not be identified. This interesting product, referred to as compound X, has been subjected to considerable study in an attempt to determine its structure and physical properties. Aside from ozone, it is probably the most important product of these reactions (37). 

Structure and Numbering Conventions of Ci-Ce Alkyl Nitrate Isomers ... 

However, other studies on the nitration of a series of 3-methyl- and 3-ethyl-1,2-benzisoxazoles have shown that a mixture of the 5-nitro and 5,7-dinitro derivatives is formed (77IJC(B)1058, 77IJC(B)1061). The effect of substituents in the benzene ring is also of interest. If the 5-position is blocked, e.g. by a chloro group or by alkyl groups, nitration then occurs at the 4-position. 3-Alkyl-7-chloro and 3,7-dialkyl derivatives result in the formation of the appropriate 5-nitro derivative. The isomeric 3-alkyl-6-chloro- and 3,6-dialkyl-1,2-benzisoxazoles yield a mixture of the 5-nitro and 5,7-dinitro compounds. Both H NMR measurements and alternate syntheses were used in establishing the structures of these substitution products. 

Pyrimidin-5-amine, 4-methylamino-synthesis, 3, 121 Pyrimidin-5-amine, 4-oxo-purfne synthesis from, 5, 582 Pyrimidinamines acylation, 3, 85 alkylation, 3, 86 basic pXa, 3, 60-61 diazotization, 3, 85 Dimroth rearrangement, 3, 86 electrophilic reactions, 3, 68 Frankland-Kolbe synthesis, 3, 116 hydrolysis, 3, 84 IR spectra, 3, 64 N NMR, 3, 64 nitration, 3, 69 Principal Synthesis, 3, 129 reactivity, 3, 84-88 structure, 3, 67 synthesis, 3, 129 Pyrimidin-2-amines alkylation, 3, 61, 86 basic pK , 3, 60 diazotization, 3, 85 hydrogenation, 3, 75 hydrolysis, 3, 84 mass spectra, 3, 66 Pyrimidin-4-amines acidity, S, 310 alkylation, 3, 61, 86 basic pXa, 3, 61 Schifi base, 3, 85 synthesis, 3, 110, 114 1,3,5-triazines from, 3, 518 Pyrimidin-5-amines basic pXj, 3, 61 hydrogenation, 3, 75 reactions... 

Sliver. Frepd by addn of Ag nitrate soin to a soln of the Na salt (see above) (Refs 3 10) ign point 181° (Ref 12). When treated with alkyl iodides it gives alkyl esters. From the reaction with Me iodide a colorless and a yellow dimethyl ester were isolated (Ref 3). The UV spectra of the colorless (called a) and the yellow (called 3) esters are given in Ref 9 it is concluded that the color of the / ester is due to a nitroso group, hence its structure is probably (CH301 Q2CH2... 

Dielectric relaxation studies of phosphorylated polyethers from — 180° to 200 °C have been used to study their structures. The magnitude of the dielectric constants of high-phosphonic-acid-content polymers is much larger than predicted, which suggests a microphase-separated structure. Conductance studies on some aryl- and alkyl-phosphonium salts showed a higher conductance for the halides than for the nitrate. ... 

The form of potential energy curve deduced by Olah from kinetic evidence on the nitration of benzene, and some alkyl- and halo-benzenes, by nitronium ions derived from NOJ BIV is shown in Fig. 18. In this diagram, position D is associated with a localized structure analogous to that of Fig. 16 and 19b. 

A reaction in which an electrophile participates in het-erolytic substitution of another molecular entity that supplies both of the bonding electrons. In the case of aromatic electrophilic substitution (AES), one electrophile (typically a proton) is substituted by another electron-deficient species. AES reactions include halogenation (which is often catalyzed by the presence of a Lewis acid salt such as ferric chloride or aluminum chloride), nitration, and so-called Friedel-Crafts acylation and alkylation reactions. On the basis of the extensive literature on AES reactions, one can readily rationalize how this process leads to the synthesis of many substituted aromatic compounds. This is accomplished by considering how the transition states structurally resemble the carbonium ion intermediates in an AES reaction. 

The observed effects of structure on rate and on orientation, confirmed by the Brown selectivity relationship, show that there is no basic difference between heterogeneous catalytic alkylation of aromatic compounds and homogeneous electrophilic aromatic substitution, cf. nitration, sul-phonation etc. This agreement allows the formulation of the alkylation mechanism as an electrophilic attack by carbonium ion-like species formed on the surface from the alkene on Br0nsted acidic sites. The state of the aromatic compound attacked is not clear it may react directly from the gas phase (Rideal mechanism ) [348] or be adsorbed weakly on the surface [359]. 

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