Alkanolamides ethanolamide

Alkanolamides are nonionic surface active agents that hnd application in a multitude of uses. There are four major groups of fatty alkanolamides (1) mono-ethanolamides (MEA), (2) diethanolamides (DEA), (3) monoisopropanolamides (MIPA), and (4) ethoxylated or PEG alkanolamides. Each group has its own specific functions and uses in formulations. 

Fatty acid ethanolamides and isopropanolamides are solid or waxy products insoluble in water. Diethanolamides are usually pastes or liquids and show better dispersibility in water. In institutional and household formulations, shampoos, bath and shower preparations, fatty alkanolamides play the role of foam stabiliser, thickener, corrosion inhibitor, and ancillary agent that improves the skin compatibility of anionic surfactants. Undecylenic ethanolamide and undecylenic diethanolamide act as fungicides also [47]. Use of diethanolamine derivatives has legislative limitations today in some countries (but not its amides) because they are proved to be precursors of carcinogenic nitrosoamines. The probability of the nitrosoamine formation is assumed to increase in the presence of formaldehyde and formaldehyde-releasing preservatives [44-46]. 

Synonyms (9Z,12Z)-N,N-Bis (2-hydroxyethyl) octadeca-9,12-dien-1-amide N.N-Bis (2-hydroxyethyl)-9,12-octadecadienamide Diethanolamine linoleic acid amide Linoleic acid diethanolamide Linoleic diethanolamide 9,12-Octadecadienamide, N,N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl)-Classification Eatty acid alkanolamide Definition Mixt. of ethanolamides of linoleic acid Enpirical C H NOj... 

Classification Fatty acid alkanolamide Definition Mixt. of ethanolamides of linoleic acid Empirical C22H41NO3 Formula ... 

The most commonly used alkanolamide for enhanced foam stability and viscosity is cocamide monoethanolamide (MEA). Most products in today s market no longer nse the cocamide dieth-anolamide (DEA). Stearyl ethanolamide is nsed as a pearlescent thickener, whereas oleyl ethanola-mide is also used for its conditioning effect (Table 6.9). 

The effect of alkanolamides (hand dishwashing liquids and shampoos) is difhcult to explain because they are, in fact, mixtures of free fatty acids, alkanolamine soaps, and fatty acid esters of the alkanolamine and of the alkanolamide. Nevertheless, it is reported that dialkanolamides are effective because of their ability to complex with the anionic, leading to stronger micellar interaction and, consequently, higher foam film viscosity as well as lowering the anionic s CMC [76]. The most often used are lauric/myristic mono-ethanolamides and coco diethanolamide. 

The two most common types of alkanolamides, diethanolamides and mo-noethanolamides, are made by reacting a fatty acid or ester with diethanolamine (DEA) or monoethanolamine (MEA), respectively (Eig. 6) [11], For the diethanolamides, x h- y = 2 generally for the monoethanolamides, n = 5 or more. The EO chain can be extended on the ethanolamides in the same way as the ethoxylated amines by using a basic catalyst and adding the desired amount of EO. 

Lauric monoethanolamide LMMEA) Monoethanolamine lauric acid amide Classification Alkanolamide Definition Mixture of ethanolamides of lauric acid Ionic Nature Nonionic Empirical ... 

As summarized in Table 10, fatty acid ethanolamide and ethoxylated fatty ethanolamide may be quantitatively analyzed by TLC on silica, using iodine vapor for visualization of the ethanolamide and Dragendorff reagent for the ethoxylated compounds, which are separated by chain length (57,58). Either silica gel impregnated with dodecanol or alumina plates allow differentiation of mono- and dialkanolamides (7). Reversed-phase systems will differentiate alkanolamides according to alkyl chain length (14). A 3-plate system allows determination of isopropanolamine and amide, mono-and diethanolamine and amide, and polydiethanolamide in commercial fatty acid alkanolamide surfactant (59). The latroscan technique (flame ionization detection) can also be used with multiple development to analyze these compounds (60). 

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