Saturated hydrocarbons Alkanes

Alkanes. The saturated open-chain (acyclic) hydrocarbons (C H2 +2) have names ending in -ane. The first four members have the trivial names methane (CH4), ethane (CH3CH3 or C2H5), propane (C3H8), and butane (C4Hjo). For the remainder of the alkanes, the first portion of the name... 

Paraffins (Alkanes). These saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons include normal alkanes as well as branched alkanes (isoalkanes), represented by the formula The... 

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2- The simplest alkane, methane (CH4), is the principal constituent of natural gas. Methane, ethane, propane, and butane are gaseous hydrocarbons at ambient temperatures and atmospheric pressure. They are usually found associated with crude oils in a dissolved state. 

Normal alkanes (n-alkanes, n-paraffms) are straight-chain hydrocarbons having no branches. Branched alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with an alkyl substituent or a side branch from the main chain. A branched... 

Cycloalkanes, like alkanes, are saturated hydrocarbons containing only single bonds. Notice, though, that as a result of ring formation, each cycloalkane molecule contains two fewer hydrogen atoms than the corresponding alkane. 

The chain and branched chain saturated hydrocarbons make up a family called the alkanes. Some saturated hydrocarbons with five carbon atoms are shown in Figure 18-11. The first example, containing no branches, is called normal-pentane or, briefly, n-pentane. The second example has a single branch at the end of the chain. Such a structural type is commonly identified by the prefix iso- . Hence this isomer is called /50-pentane. The third example in Figure 18-11 also contains five carbon atoms but it contains the distinctive feature of a cyclic carbon structure. Such a compound is identified by the prefix cyclo in its name—in the case shown, cyclopentane. 

Saturated hydrocarbons have only single bonds unsaturated Ihydrocarbons have one or more multiple bonds. Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons. Alkenes and alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons the former have carbon-carbon double bonds and the latter have triple bonds. 

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons, i.e., no double carbon bonds. Examples are CH4, C2H6, CsHg, and C(n)H(2n+2). Alkenes have carbon-carbon double bonds such as ethene C2H4 and C(n)H(2n). 

The solubilities of organic compounds such as alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, saturated alkylamines, and N- and S-containing aromatic compounds in several ionic liquids were reported recently (86). The solubilities in the ionic liquid [TMAC]Al2Cl7 are listed in Table IV. 

AUcyclic Hydrocarbons. Saturated monocyclic hydrocarbons, or, 4cy do-alkanes, are named by attaching the prefix cyclo to the name of the acydic unbranched alkane. 

Protonated alkanes (C H2 , 3 ) also play a significant role in alkane reactions. Saturated hydrocarbons can be protonated to alkonium ions, of which the methonium ion CH5+, 422 [Eq. (3.119)] is the parent, and formation of these pentacoordinate carbocations involves two-electron three-center (2e—ic) bonds. The dotted lines in the structure symbolize the bonding orbitals of the three-center bonds [Eq. (3.119)] their point of junction does not represent an additional atom. 

O saturated hydrocarbon a hydrocarbon that contains only single covalent bonds between the carbon atoms O alkane a saturated hydrocarbon that contains only single covalent bonds between the carbon atoms of the cham the simplest alkane is methane, CH4... 

Each carbon atom is bonded to the maximum possible number of atoms (either carbon or hydrogen atoms). As a result, chemists refer to alkanes as saturated hydrocarbons. 

In alkanes or saturated hydrocarbons, each carbon atom forms four covalent bonds. These bonds are C —C and C — H sigma bonds. Sigma bonds are very strong, so for this reason, alkanes are also known as paraffins which means "inert". 

Alkane a saturated hydrocarbon with the general formula C H2 +2. (22.1)... 

Oil Shale Retort Offgases. Analysis of the retort offgas for organic constituents before the offgas burner showed mostly hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons, alkenes, alkynes, cyclic alkanes, and cychc alkenes were found. Aromatic compounds, mostly alkyl-substituted benzenes, were detected. No heterocyclics were identified in the offgas. 

Paraffin is a name that is commonly used to denote a group of saturated alkane hydrocarbons with the general formula Q,H2 +2, n being greater than 20. They take both solid and liquid forms. The solid form known as paraffin wax was discovered by Karl Reichenbach in 1830. Paraffins are mostly obtained from petroleum. Paraffin oil, used as a fuel, is also known as kerosene. 

The scheme used to name straight-chain hydrocarbons applies to both saturated and unsaturated compounds. A saturated hydrocarbon is a hydrocarbon in which each carbon atom forms four single covalent bonds with other atoms. The alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons. An unsaturated hydrocarbon is a hydrocarbon in which not all carbon atoms have four single covalent bonds. The aikenes and aikynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons. 

You now know that alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons because they contain only single covalent bonds between carbon atoms, and that unsaturated hydrocarbons have at least one double or triple bond between carbon atoms. 

The hyperhydrides are what we now call the fully saturated or alkane hydrocarbons. Laurent s normal hydrocarbons are the olefins CnHsn.— O.T.B.]... 

This paper presents data on isolation and identification of the following types of geolipids from the Aleksinac oil shale, a Miocene lake sediment n-al-kanes, iso- and/or anteiso-alkanes, aliphatic iso-prenoid alkanes, polycyclic isoprenoid alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, saturated unbranched, aliphatic isoprenoid, hopanoic, and aromatic mono- and poly-carboxylic acids, fatty acid methyl esters, aliphatic y- and 6-lactones, cyclic y-lactones, aliphatic methyl- and isoprenoid ketones, and the triterpenoid ketone adiantone. Possible origin of the identified compound classes is discussed, particularly of those which had not been identified previously as geolipids. 

Alkane. A saturated (i.e., no double bonds) hydrocarbon compound containing only carbon and hydrogen. Also called paraffins. 

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds between carbon atoms, whereas alkenes and alkynes are imsaturated hydrocarbons. 

Alkanes have the general formula C H2 +2, where n = 1, 2,. The essential characteristic of alkane hydrocarbon molecules is that only single covalent bonds are present. The alkanes are known as saturated hydrocarbons because they contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms that can bond with the number of carbon atoms present. 

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons because they contain only carbon and hydrogen and have only carbon-to-hydrogen and carbon-to-carbon single bonds. The alkenes and alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons because they contain at least one carbon-to-carbon double or triple bond, respectively. 

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that is, alkanes contain only carbon and hydrogen bonded together through carbon-hydrogen and carbon-carbon single bonds. C Hj +2 the general formula for alkanes. In this formula, n is the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. 

The saturated fatty acids may be thought of as derivatives of alkanes, the saturated hydrocarbons described in Chapter 11. 

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