Alkaloids goldenseal

Goldenseal contains the alkaloid berberine, which has antibiotic, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. 

Chadwick, L.R. Wu, C.D. Kinghom, A.D. Isolation of alkaloids from goldenseal Hydrastis canadensis rhizomes) using pH-zone-refming countercurrent chromatography. J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. 2001, 24 (16), 2445-2453. 

Hydraetin C2xH2iO(H A bitter, cryatalline, rujn-poisonous alkaloid found in the rootstock of the goldenseal and used as a tonic and febrifuge. 

Inbaraj, J.J. et ah. Photochemistry and photocytotoxicity of alkaloids from Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.). 2. Paknatine, hydrastine, canadine, and hydrastinine, Chem. Res. Toxicol., 19, 739, 2006. 

Most safety concerns reported for goldenseal are based on studies of the compound berberine and other alkaloids. Data regarding isolated compounds may not apply directly to products or extracts made from the whole rhizome and root. Berberine has been shown to exhibit a number of bioactivities including cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines (Kettmann et al. 2004 Kim et al. 2005 Orfila et al. 2000) and topoisomerase I and II inhibition (Kim et al. 1998 Mantena et al. 2006). 

Tice, R. 1997. Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.) and two of its constituent alkaloids berberine and hydrastine review of toxicological literature. Research Triangle Park, NC Integrated Laboratory Systems. 

The active principle of goldenseal Hydrastis canadensis, Ranunculaceae) is ( — )-3-hydrastine (88), a phthalideisoquinoline alkaloid. Hydrastis has long been used as a medicinal plant and is used to tteat inflammation of the mucous membranes (Tyler et al., 1981). 

Van Berkel, G.J., Tomkins, B.A., Kertesz, V. (2007) Thin-layer chromatography/desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry investigation of goldenseal alkaloids. Analytical Chemistry, 79, 2778-2789. 

Berberine is a protoberberine alkaloid whose salts form yellow crystals. It is found along with related alkaloids in Hydrastis canadensis, goldenseal, (family Ranunculaceae) Berberis spp. (family... 

Goldenseal and related alkaloids were qualitatively identified and quantitatively determined using TLC/DESI analysis. The TLC separations were performed using aluminum sheets precoated with silica gel 60 F254, or using glass-backed silica gel 60 plates. After the application of analytes, the plates were developed in ascending... 

Combination of DESI MS with TLC separation was proposed for the first time by Van Berkel et al. [1]. In their study, apart from showing the possibility of such connection, the authors demonstrated practical application of this method during analyses of the FD C dyes (food dyes) and a mixture of aspirin, acetaminophen, and caffeine from a tablet of Extra Strength Excedrin. In the following year, this systan was further upgraded and improved by automating the process of analysis [2]. It was then used to separate the Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) and related alkaloids from... 

Berberine presents promising lipid-lowering capabilities. It was found to reduce cholesterol in serum of human volunteers by a mechanism different to that of statins [4]. They showed in a rat model that berberine upregulated the LDLR in the liver [4, 32]. Recently Abidi et al. have shown that the root extract of goldenseal, an herbal supplement that contains the alkaloids hydrastine, berberine, berberastine, hydrastinine, tetrahydroberberastine, canadine, and canalidine, had a similar effect in a hamster model [11]. In both studies, the effect of this increase in LDLR was the reduction of LDL-associated cholesterol in blood. 

Inbaraj JJ, Kukielczak BM, Bilski P, He YY, Sik RH, Chignell CF (2(X)1) Photochemistry and photocytotoxicity of alkaloids from Goldenseal Hydrastis canadensis L.) 1. Berberine. Chem Res Toxicol 19 739-744... 

Hydrastis Goldenseal Endangered with increasing Isoquinoline alkaloids. 

The alkaloids present in goldenseal have earlier been reported to have anticonvulsive activity on mouse intestine and uterus. The extract also has a relaxant effect on guinea pig isolated trachea, mainly due to canadine and candaline/ ... 

In vitro antibacterial activity of the extract and its major alkaloids has been demonstrated against oral pathogens, for example. Streptococcus mutans, peptic ulcer bacteria Helicobacter pylori, other Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria, as well as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Goldenseal extract possesses antioxidant activity, and it has an immunostimulant effect on antigen-induced IgM production in vivo ... 

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