Alkaline solubility

Alkalinity (Soluble Soda) Determination. The surface alkalinity or soluble or leachable soda is determined by making a fixed weight percent slurry in water and determining the alkalinity of the solution by pH measurement or acid titration. Sodium ion-sensitive electrodes have been investigated. 

A process using a microbially gelled biopolymer was developed and used to modify the permeability in coreflood experiments [128]. Curdlan is a microbial carbohydrate with 1,3-P-linkages. Alkaline-soluble curdlan biopolymer was... 

In experiments with lowland rice Oiyzci saliva L.) it was found that roots quickly exhausted available sources of P and sub.sequently exploited the acid-soluble pool with small amounts deriving from the alkaline soluble pool (18). More recalcitrant forms of P were not utilized. The zone of net P depletion was 4-6 mm wide and showed accumulation in some P pools giving rather complex concentration profiles in the rhizosphere. Several mechanisms for P solubilization could be invoked in a conceptual model to describe this behavior. However using a mathematical model with independently measured parameters (19), it was shown that it could be accounted for solely by root-induced acidification. The acidification resulted from H" produced during the oxidation of Fe by Oi released from roots into the anaerobic rhizosphere as well as from cation/anion imbalances in ion uptake (18). Rice was shown to depend on root-induced acidification for more than 80% of its P uptake. 

Methylation of a purified alkaline-soluble polysaccharide from New Zealand flax is accomplished by subjecting it to five successive methyla-... 

The main factors determining the efficiency of sodium salts of organic acids as nucleating agents for PET are alkalinity, solubility and thermal stability. These are widely varying for different families of products and a compromise has to be made between these properties. The more soluble and the more stable, then the... 

Soft white crystalline powder hexagonal density 2.34 g/cm shghtly bitter taste loses water when heated at elevated temperatures (580°C) shghtly soluble in water Ksp 1.2xl0 i4 aqueous solution alkaline soluble in glycerol and acids insoluble in alcohol. 

Grayish-white orthogonal crystals hygroscopic density 3.2 g/cm melts at 301°C very soluble in water (100 g/100 mL at 15°C), the solution highly alkaline soluble in ethanol. 

In general, a high-molecular-weight phenolic resin is less alkaline-soluble than a low-molecular-weight one. Therefore, these high molecular weight poly(p-vinyl phenol) components may contribute to the decrease in solubility. Furthermore, we assume that the etching type dissolution of these resists is non-fractional, as was previously shown in the case of poly (methyl methacrylate-co-acrylonitrile) (15). 

Since the determination of the water, oxalate and alkaline soluble pectin is just an extraction followed by a precipitation, this loss could be either the result of a poorer extractability or of a degradation into lower molecular weight pectin fractions which no longer can be precipitated by ethanol. Obviously the degradation is negligible, because the viscosity of pectin solutions which should be a sensitive indicator for the breakage of already few bonds is not altered by the application of HP. 

A novel, nonswelling DUV resist was developed by Iwayanagi et al. (77). This resist, known as MRS (micro resist for shorter wavelengths), consists of poly(p-vinylphenol) (structure 3.11), an alkaline-soluble phenolic resin, and an azide (structure 3.10). 

Reduction of indigo dyestriff to its alkaline soluble leuco-form... 

Treatment to remove dissolved mineral matter is more complex. Dissolved bicarbonates of calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium cause alkalinity soluble calcium and magnesium salts cause hardness. Alkalinity and hardness may need to be adjusted for some food processing operations. For example, the formation of a head on beer is critically dependent on water hardness. Excessively hard water may cause discoloration and toughening of certain foods. On the other hand, hardness may be required to prevent excessive foaming in clean-up operations. 

The enhancement of spectral absorptivity at 313nm was accomplished by the addition of singlet photosensitizers to ester derivatives of diazonaphthoquinone (DQ). These photosensitizers absorb incident photons and transfer the energy to the DQ derivative which is then converted to the alkaline soluble product without the interference of the sensitizer. Theoretically, the mechanism of energy transfer in the solid phase involves dipole-dipole interaction because of the insignificant extent of... 

Photochemical Studies. The scheme below outlines the mechanism of energy transfer from pyrene (P) to the diazonaphthoquinone derivative (DQ) and its subsequent conversion to the alkaline soluble product. 

It is an oily liquid, having a disagreeable odor of fish boils at 9 (48 .2F.) alkaline soluble in H,0,alcohol, and ether inflammable. It combines with acids to form salts of trimothyl ammonium, which are crystallizable. 

The best decomposition conditions for the fungal mycelia was treatment with 11 M NaOH at 45°C for 13 h and then treatment with 0.35 M acetic acid at 95°C for 5 h [36]. Moreover the Termamyl treatment is obviously highly efficient at separating the chitosan from the glucan and offers possibilities for the isolation of purified chitosan [4, 36]. Based on these observations, it has been proved that these two polysaccharides, chitosan and glucan, are linked by a-(l )-glycosidic bond [4, 8, 37]. The IR spectra of alkaline-soluble and alkaline-insoluble glucan, and chitosan are shown in Fig. 8. 

FIGURE 153 Effect of weak alkaline-soluble fraction (AS) from non-shaved kombu (NSK) and tororokombu (TK) on pancreatic lipase activity in vitro. Lipase activity was measured using a Lipase Kit S according to the manufacturer s protocol. Data are presented as the mean SE (n = 5). p < 0.05, p < 0.005 versus control,... 

To process soybeans into these useful products, the beans are dehulled and the oil is removed by crushing at very high pressure or by solvent extraction. If the resulting dry soybean meal is intended for food, it is heated to 70°C or higher to coagulate the proteins and caramelize the carbohydrates, thus improving their nutritional qualities. If the soybean meal is intended for adhesive use, it is processed at temperatures below 70°C to preserve the alkaline solubility of the proteins [16]. 

In contrast to cellulose, polyoses are alkaline-soluble and partly water-soluble e.g. arabinogalactan of larch). 

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