Alkaline earth metals radium

The elements in Group II of the Periodic Table (alkaline earth metals) are. in alphabetical order, barium (Ba). beryllium (Be), calcium (Ca). magnesium (Mg), radium (Ra) and strontium (Sr). 

Barium [7440-39-3] Ba, is a member of Group 2 (IIA) of the periodic table where it Hes between strontium and radium. Along with calcium and strontium, barium is classed as an alkaline earth metal, and is the densest of the three. Barium metal does not occur free in nature however, its compounds occur in small but widely distributed amounts in the earth s cmst, especially in igneous rocks, sandstone, and shale. The principal barium minerals are barytes [13462-86-7] (barium sulfate) and witherite [14941-39-0] (barium carbonate) which is also known as heavy spar. The latter mineral can be readily decomposed via calcination to form barium oxide [1304-28-5] BaO, which is the ore used commercially for the preparation of barium metal. 

Calcium, strontium, barium and radium, the alkaline earth metals proper, are the typical elements of the 2nd column (the 2nd group) of the Periodic Table. 

The chemistry of radium is very similar to its Group IIA alkaline-earth analog harium. The metal forms a number of salts in its +2 valence state, the only valence state typical of all alkaline earth metals. The few salts that are of commercial use include chloride, RaCb, bromide RaBr2, and sulfate, RaS04. 

In many of its chemical properties, radium is like the elements magnesium, caldum, strontium and barium, and it is placed in group 2, as is consistent with its 6s26pcls2 electron configuraUon. Its sulfate (Ksp — 4.2 a 10-1 ) is even more insoluble in water than barium sulfate, with which it is conveniently coprecipitated, Like barium and other alkaline earth metals, it forms a soluble chloride (X p = 0,4) and bromide, which can also be obtained as dihydrates, Radium also resembles the other group 2 elements in forming an insoluble carbonate and a very slightly soluble lodate (Xsp = 8.8 x 1(T10). 

Group 1 elements, beginning with lithium (Li) and running vertically to francium (Fr), are called alkali metals. Group 2 elements, beginning with beryllium (Be) and running vertically to radium (Ra), are called the alkaline earth metals. 

Once again, the periodic table offers clues about which elements could be radioactive naturally. All of the elements in Period 7—like francium in the alkali metals and radium in the alkaline earth metals—are large atoms with many protons. All of the Period 7 elements are radioactive. 

Beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium constitute Group 2 in the Periodic Table. These elements (or simply the Ca, Sr, and Ba triad) are often called alkaline-earth metals. Some important properties of group 2 elements are summarized in Table 12.5.1. 

Alkali metals lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium. Metals such as sodium and potassium (the alkali metals) react violently with water—too violently to conduct experiments. The group 2 metals (also called alkaline earth metals) react less readily and can be used in the laboratory. Alkaline earth metals, including beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium. 

This article sununarizes some of the recent developments in alkaline earth organometalhc chemistry. Several excellent review articles are available for more detailed discussions on the subject areas. It is important to note that radium, the heaviest alkaline earth metal, is radioactive and no organometallic compounds have been reported. 

The second class of alkaline earth metals involves the heavier congeners, although radium, as a radioactive element, is not studied in detail. The significant increase in ionic size and reduction in electronegativity experienced by these metals (Ca (CN 6) 1.14 A, EN = 1.04 Sr (CN 6) 1.27 A, EN = 0.97 ... 

Radium (Ra) 226 Ra (1600y) 1898 P. and M. Curie Alkaline-earth metal similar to Ba... 

The alkaline-earth metals beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, radium. 

The second column from the left contains the alkaline earth metals, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra, respectively). Magnesium and calcium are present everywhere and are needed by our salty bodies and the salty bodies of our fellow creatures. Calcium is vital to bones, teeth, seashells, and exoskeletons. Calcium plays a critical role in the operation of our muscles as well as communication between cells. Because strontium is in this family, radioactive strontium, a fission product of certain atomic reactions, can be absorbed by the body and used as it would use calcium. Radium, another radioactive element, is also found in this family. 

Barium is a member of the alkaline earth metals. The alkaline earth metals make up Group 2 (IIA) of the periodic table. The other elements in this group are beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, and radium. These elements tend to be relatively active chemically and form a number of important and useful compounds. They also tend to occur abundantly in Earth s crust in a number of familiar minerals such as aragonite, calcite, chalk, limestone, marble, travertine, magnesite, and dolomite. Alkaline earth compounds are widely used as building materials. 

Radium is a radioactive element in Group 2 (IIA) and Row 7 of the periodic table. The periodic table is a chart that shows how chemical elements are related to each other. Radium was discovered in 1898 by Marie Curie (1867-1934) and her husband, Pierre Curie (1859-1906). It was found in an ore of uranium called pitchblende. The alkaline earth metals also include beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium. 

The alkaline earth metals show a wider range of chemical properties than the alkali metals. The IIA metals are not as reactive as the lA metals, but they are much too reactive to occur free in nature. They are obtained by electrolysis of their molten chlorides. Calcium and magnesium are abundant in the earth s crust, especially as carbonates and sulfates. Beryllium, strontium, and barium are less abundant. All known radium isotopes are radioactive and are extremely rare. 

Radium is classed with the alkaline earth metals with which it properly belongs, although it shows some decided eei inri-ties. It is to be observed that in nearly every cast that member of a family which falls in tin hist series of t he periodic table has certain marked peculiarities, Tin physical properties of the members of this family am shown in Table XII. 

Radium, the last metal in the alkaline earth metal group, has an intense white color and is extremely radioactive. In the dark, it glows and gives off a soft blue color. The French husband and wife chemist team Marie (1867-1934) and Pierre Curie (1859-1906) discovered radium in 1898. Along with the discovery of the electron and Albert Einsteins theory of relativity, the discovery of radium marked the beginning of the modern era of science. 

Group 2 of the periodic table contains the alkaline earth metals beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium. These elements are similar to the alkali metals in that they are shiny, ductile, and malleable. The alkaline earth metals have two electrons in their outermost shell. Although they are not as reactive as the alkali metals, the alkaline earth metals are rarely found pure in nature. 

---