Alkaline earth metals Group

Ground state The lowest allowed energy state of a species, 137 Group 1 metal. See Alkali metal Group 2 metal See Alkaline earth metal Group A vertical column of the periodic table, 31... 

The elements that form only one cation are the alkali metals (group IA), the alkaline earth metals (group IIA), zinc, cadmium, aluminum, and most often silver. The charge on the ions that these elements form in their compounds is always equal to their periodic table group number (or group number minus 10 in the newest labeling system in the periodic table). 

The alkali metals (Group 1A) and the alkaline earth metals (Group 2A) are not found free in nature because they are so easily oxidized. Their primary sources are seawater, brines of their soluble salts and deposits of sea salt. The metals are obtained from the electrolysis of their molten salts. 

Alkaline earth metals, Group II + 2 Oxygen — 2 (except in peroxides)... 

Alkali Metal group 1 elements in the periodic table Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr Alkaline Earth Metal group 11 elements in the periodic table Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba Alkaloid a nitrogen-containing compound obtained from plants, for example, caffeine, nicotine... 

Group I The alkali metals Group II The alkaline earth metals Group VII The halogens Group 0 Inert gases or noble gases... 

A column of the periodic table is called a family. Some families have special names. Group IA elements are called alkali metals, group IIA elements are called alkaline earth metals, group VIIA elements are called halogens, and group VIIIA elements are called the noble gases. The group B elements are called transition elements. Elements with atomic numbers from 58 to 71 are called lanthanides, and elements with atomic numbers from 90 to 103 are called actinides. Families have similar chemical and physical properties. For example, the alkali metals are soft metals at room temperature they are shiny, conduct... 

Alkali metals (group 1A) and alkaline earth metals (group 2A)... 

All oxides (O2 ) and hydroxides (OH-) are insoluble except those of allkali metals and certain alkaline earth metals (Group DA Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra). Ca(OH)2 is moderately soluble. 

Like a strong acid, a strong base dissociates completely into ions in water. All oxides and hydroxides of the alkali metals—Group 1 (IA)—are strong bases. The oxides and hydroxides of the alkaline earth metals—Group 2 (IIA)—below beryllium are also strong bases. 

The alkaline earth metals (group 2A of the periodic table) include Mg and Ca, which play both structural and physiological roles. Aside from its structural importance in bones and teeth, calcium is critical in processes ranging from vascular tone, nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, blood clot formation, the secretion of hormones such as insulin, and cell signaling. Calcium levels in cells, blood, and extracellular fluid are very tightly controlled. If calcium intake is insufficient, calcium is liberated from bones in order to support these physiological functions. 

Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2 All group 2 metals have two valence electrons. When they form ions, they will have a charge of 2+. Group 2 alkaline earth metals are highly reactive and will react with water. 

The electron sea model for metals postulates a regular array of cations in a "sea" of valence electrons, (a) Representation of an alkali metal (Group 1A) with one valence electron, (b) Representation of an alkaline earth metal (Group 2A) with two valence electrons. 

Alkaline earth metals Group IIA elements in the periodic table. 

Beryllium is the first element in the alkaline earth metals group, sitting to the right of the alkali metal lithium. In its pure form, this metal is rather hard and has a gray-white appearance. Of all of the metals, beryllium has the lowest density. It is also relatively rare. Although compounds and minerals containing beryllium are found... 

Radium, the last metal in the alkaline earth metal group, has an intense white color and is extremely radioactive. In the dark, it glows and gives off a soft blue color. The French husband and wife chemist team Marie (1867-1934) and Pierre Curie (1859-1906) discovered radium in 1898. Along with the discovery of the electron and Albert Einsteins theory of relativity, the discovery of radium marked the beginning of the modern era of science. 

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