Alkaline and Acid Phosphatase

3 Alkaline and Acid Phosphatase (Rossomando et al., 1981a, 1983 Togarl et al., 1987) 

Alkaline and acid phosphatase are organ-specific enzymes that are assayed in the diagnosis of many diseases. These activities are phosphomonoesterases that dephosphorylate a number of compounds, including nucleoside monophosphates, to their respective nucleosides and free phosphates. However, such dephosphorylations have traditionally been assayed with 4-nitrophenyl 

Substrate and product were separated by reversed-phase HPLC (/uBonda-pak) using a mobile phase of a phosphate buffer at pH 5.5 with 1% methanol. The column was eluted isocratically, and the detection was at 254 nm. 

SURVEY OF ENZYMATIC ACTIVITIES ASSAYED BY THE HPLC METHOD 

Figiue 9.92 Sites of bond cleavage by phosphomonoesterases. Arrow 1 indicates cleavage of the bond between the phosphorus and sulfur atoms. The products are shown in reaction (1). Arrow 2 indicates cleavage between the carbon and the sulfur, and the reaction products are shown in reaction (2). 

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Hyperproteinemia, hyperglycemia, and enhanced serum alkaline and acid phosphatase activities (WHO 1984)... 

When using high-temperature antigen retrieval, you may skip blocking alkaline phosphatase, since some endogenous enzymes, such as alkaline and acid phosphatases, in contrast to peroxidase, are destroyed by boiling for even a short time at 100°C (Cattoretti et al. 1993). 

Phosphates of pharmaceutical interest are often monoesters (Sect. 9.3), and the enzymes that are able to hydrolyze them include alkaline and acid phosphatases. Alkaline phosphatase (alkaline phosphomonoesterase, EC 3.1.3.1) is a nonspecific esterase of phosphoric monoesters with an optimal pH for catalysis of ca. 8 [140], In the presence of a phosphate acceptor such as 2-aminoethanol, the enzyme also catalyzes a transphosphorylation reaction involving transfer of the phosphoryl group to the alcohol. Alkaline phosphatase is bound extracellularly to membranes and is widely distributed, in particular in the pancreas, liver, bile, placenta, and osteoplasts. Its specific functions in mammals remain poorly understood, but it seems to play an important role in modulation by osteoplasts of bone mineralization. 

Hydrolysis Products of Various 0- and S-Substituted Monoesters of Phosphorothioic Acid by Alkaline and Acid Phosphatases ... 

It is of note that alkaline and acid phosphatase exhibit no silikatase activity. Divalent sulfur-containing compounds, such as sulfide, methionine, cysteine and glutathione have a positive effect on silica uptake536) also water temperature and silica concentration in the aqueous phase control the Si-cycle in cellular systems529-531, 53 ). 

Alkaline and acid phosphatase activities in cyclophyllidean (anoplocephalid and taeniid) tapeworms of zoonotic importance. Indian Veterinary Journal, 62 20-3. 

Amino benzyl phosphonic acid Alkaline and acid phosphatases... 

J2. Jaffe, H. L., and Bodansky, A., Diagnostic significance of serum alkaline and acid phosphatase values in relation to bone disease. Bull. N.Y. Acad. Med. 19, 831-848 (1943). 

D14. Desalu, A. B. O., Correlation of localization of alkaline and acid phosphatases with morphological development of the rat kidney. AncU. Record 164, 253-259 (1966). 

In tissue culture, cells of the rat adrenal cortex with mitochondria of the type found in the z.g. do not respond to ACTH while those of the z. Intermedia show mitochondrial changes to the vesicular types seen in the z.f-r.The tubular and vesicular forms of the endoplasmic reticulum also increase. A large number of dehydrogenases are shown to be present but ATP-ase as well as alkaline and acid phosphatase are absent. Chromatin condensation along the nuclear membrane suggest that ACTH might effect transformation of z.g. cells to those of the z.f-r. by action at the nuclear or gene level. 

Kshirsagar SG. 1976. Effect of stable strontium on the tissue alkaline and acid phosphatase activities of rat feeding studies. J Nutr 106(10) 1475-1483. 

In addition to acting as an inhibitor of dynein and (Na, K)-ATPase, vanadium is also a potent inhibitor of RNase (57) and alkaline and acid phosphatases (58.59). This suggests that vanadium generally tends to inhibit enzymes of phosphate metabolism. However, according to Gibbons et al. (53), the mechanism of Inhibition is not the same in each enzyme. The Inhibition of RNase and alkaline phosphatase is greater by oxyvanadium (IV) than by vanadium (V). 

Phosphatase. Phosphatase is an enzyme that hydrolyses the phosphoester bond of a substrate to form phosphate and the product with an OH group. Alkaline and acid phosphatases have alkaline and acidic optimum pH values, respectively. 

It is likewise of equal interest that the Golgi apparatus is the site of many hydrolase activities such as alkaline and acid phosphatases, j8-glu-curonidase, nucleoside diphosphatase, and thiamine pyrophosphatase. 

The urinary excretion of jS-D-galactosidase during nephrotoxic serum glomerulonephritis and mercuric chloride-induced tubulonephritis in rats has been compared with that of lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline and acid phosphatases, and aspartate aminotransferase. ... 

The embryonic morphogenesis of alkaline and acid phosphatases in fish (Tatarskaya et al., 1958), in the rat kidney (Pinkstaff et al., 1962), the rat lung (Zawistowska et al., 1963), the mouse brain (Lierse, 1963), the chick brain (Lee et al., 1961), in insects (Chaudhary and Lemonde, 1964), etc and of several other enzymes of phosphorus and nucleotide metabolism (Donath, 1962 Baker and... 

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