Hybrid alignment

David E. Hayes and Donald R. Emmons, Laser Pulse Measurements for Safe and Proper Trimming System Alignment, Hybrid Circuit Tech., pp. 35 10, November 1987. 

Derive a generalized expression analogous to Equation 16.16 for the transverse modulus of elasticity of an aligned hybrid composite consisting of two types of continuous fibers. 

FE A continuous and aligned hybrid composite O consists of aramid and glass fibers embedded within a polymer resin matrix. Compute the longitudinal modulus of elasticity of this material if the respective volume fractions are 0.24 and 0.28, given the following data ... 

If LCP is used to make a retardation film, then one is not restricted to retardation films with a uniform optical axis. It is possible in fact to have twisted alignment, bend alignment, hybrid alignment, etc., in the same manner as ordinary LCs. After... 

Kane S, Squier J, Rudd J V and Mourou G 1994 Hybrid grating-prism stretcher-compressor system with cubic phase and wavelength tunability and decreased alignment sensitivity Opt. Lett. 19 1876-8... 

In late 1995, a team led by Vollhardt and Youngs reported their work on the strained PAM/PDM hybrid 80 [55]. Whereas the synthesis of 80 was not remarkable [Eq. (2)1, the solid-state behavior of the molecule was. X-ray crystallography revealed that the macrocycle was moderately strained, with the monoynes bent inward toward the center of the macrocycle by 3.9 -11.5° and the diyne unit bent outward by 8.6-11.2°. More importantly, crystal packing revealed that the diyne moieties were aligned in the prerequisite fashion for topochemical diacetylene polymerization to occur. Indeed, irradiation of crystals of 80 produced a violet... 

Figure 11.11. Integration of nanowire photonics with silicon electronics. Schematic illustrating fabrication of hybrid structures. A silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate is patterned by standard electron-beam or photolithography followed by reactive ion etching. Emissive NWs are then aligned onto the patterned SOI substrate to form photonic sources. [Reprinted with permission from Ref. 59. Copyright 2005 Wiley-VCH Verlag.]...

As shown in Fig. 3.24, the outer contours of the hN NHO and onh NBO exhibit the expected cylindrical symmetry about the nominal hybrid direction vector marked by the dashed line. However, the inner contours are increasingly directed toward the dotted line of nuclear centers. The lack of overall cylindrical symmetry is best seen in the NBO plot of Fig. 3.24(b), where it can be seen that the H nucleus sits accurately in the pointy inner contours which are closely aligned with the dotted line of nuclear centers rather than the dashed line of nominal hybrid direction. This example illustrates that the optimized NHOs are free to adopt complex non-cylindrical shapes in which the apparent directionality varies with distance from the nucleus. Thus, the 3.9° bending does not correspond to true misalignment of the hybrid and nuclear directions at the actual bond distance, but rather reflects the fact that inner hybrid contours are slightly skewed with respect to the nominal average direction attributed to the NHO. That is, the hybrid itself (rather than the bond) is slightly bent. 

Table 34 shows calculated overlap integrals for various combinations of hybridized atomic centers. In all cases, the absolute magnitude of the overlap for the anti alignment is greater. 

The electronic properties of CNTs are of particular importance for hybrid materials and strongly depend on the structure of the CNTs. Theoretical [45-48] and experimental results [49] reveal that SWCNTs are either metallic or semiconducting depending on diameter and chirality, while MWCNTs are generally metallic (due to band alignment upon interlayer interactions). 

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