Aldehydes IUPAC system

There are no functional class names for aldehydes in the IUPAC system. 

Exercise 15-15 How can D-glucose, D-fructose, and D-ribose be considered products of the addition of an alcohol to the carbonyl group of an aldehyde or ketone Name each of the carbonyl compounds by the IUPAC system. For the ribose carbonyl structure, determine the configuration at each chiral center, using the D,L system. 

Aldehydes are named using either the common system or the IUPAC system. Aldehyde common names are derived from the common names of the corresponding carboxylic acid. For example ... 

The IUPAC system employs a series of rules to formulate compound names. The following rules explain how to name aliphatic aldehydes ... 

In the IUPAC system, cyclic, aliphatic, and aromatic aldehydes are named by adding the word carbaldehyde to the name of the ring system. 

The common method of naming aldehydes corresponds very closely to that of the related acids (see Carboxylic acids), in that the term aldehyde is added to the base name of the acid. For example, formaldehyde (qv) comes from formic acid, acetaldehyde (qv) from acetic acid, and butyraldehyde (qv) from butyric acid. If the compound contains more than two aldehyde groups, or is cyclic, the name is formed using carbaldehyde to indicate the functionality. The IUPAC system of aldehyde nomenclature drops the final e from the name of the parent acyclic hydrocarbon and adds al. If two aldehyde functional groups are present, the suffix - dial is used The prefix formyl is used with polyfunctional compounds. Examples of nomenclature types are shown in Table 1. 

Aldehydes, acids, and esters have roots for one and two carbons that are usually form- and acet-, rather than meth- and eth-, because these prefixes had been used so long they were grandfathered into the naming system (formaldehyde and acetic acid, rather than methanal and ethanoic acid). Departures from IUPAC nomenclature often occur for very common substances and, fortunately, they rarely can be misunderstood (ethyl alcohol instead of ethanol). 

---