Aldehydes emissions

Both the modeling studies and smog-chamber simulations show significant oxidant formation with NO -h aldehydes, NO, + alkanes (except methane), or even NO, -i- carbon monoxide in moist air. The development of significant oxidant from NO + aldehydes is particularly ominous, because aldehyde emission is not now controlled. As the modelers state [Pg.27]

Complete elimination of olefinic hydrocarbons without controlling aldehyde emission will not ensure low oxidant readings in the atmosphere. ... 

Post-crosslinkable and substrate reactive polymers are widely used to Improve water and solvent resistance, strength, substrate adhesion and block resistance In binders, adhesives and coatings. The surprisingly rich chemistry of a new class of functional monomers (eg. 1 and 2) related to standard amide/aldehyde (amlnoplast) condensates, but which eliminate aldehyde emissions, was elucidated by monomeric model and mechanistic studies and discussed In the preceeding paper (1). Results with these monomers In copolymer systems are reported here. 

Aldehyde emissions compared to conventional fuel CO, HC, and particulate exhaust emissions compared to conventional fuel Electrical conductivity compared to conventional fuel... 

Akutsu, T., Kumagai, K., Uchiyama, S. and Tanabe, S. (2000) Development of a measurement device (ADSEC) for aldehyde emissions rates using a diffusive sampler. Proceedings of Healthy Buildings, Helsinki, Finland, Vol. 4, pp. 477-83. 

Scheme 13.2 Auto-oxidation of linolenic acid (truncated) leading to radical propagation, intermolecular cross-linking, and volatile aldehyde emissions.

The emission of a complete set of personal computers and monitors are described by Nakagawa et al. (2003). Several VOC like benzene, toluene, etc. were identified and quantified. The results are shown in Table 17.3. The emission rates of aliphatic hydrocarbons, terpenes, esters, ketones, alcohols and halogens were not found to be significantly different for PCs with CRT and TFT monitors. In the case of aromatic hydrocarbons the emission rates were higher if a PC with CRT monitor was used. The same was found for aldehyde emissions but the differences in emission rates were lower. The separate test CRT monitor and the associated computer in this study proved that the monitor was the main source of chemical emissions. 

Lipari F, Dasch JM, Scruggs WF. 1984. Aldehyde emissions from woodburning fireplaces. Environ Sci Technol 18 326-330. 

McCabe, R.W., King, E.T., Watkins, W.L.H., and Gandhi, H.S. (1990). Laboratory and vehicle studies of aldehyde emissions from alcohol fiiels. SAE Paper 900708. 

Compared to previous gluten based adhesives the present resins are applicable in liquid form, thus without any need for modifications of the application systems in particleboard factories. Relative to other protein adhesives such as soy-based adhesives based on reaction with formaldehyde some of the resins presented here have several advantages (i) they cannot and do not produce any aldehyde emission as neither formaldehyde nor any other volatile aldehyde was used in some of the formulations (ii) the percentage of natural materials was increased up to 70% for one type of formulation and up to 95% for others. Furthermore, in relation to resin formulations based on different cross-linking reactions other than those with formaldehyde the resins presented here have other advantages they are competitive with alternate natural resin systems such as those based exclusively on tannins and/or lignins. 

Cho, K. W., Colepicolo, P., and Hastings, J. W. (1989). Autoinduction and aldehyde chain-length effects on the bioluminescent emission from the yellow protein associated with luciferase in Vibrio fischeri strain Y-lb. Photochetn. Photobiol. 50 671-677. 

Watanabe, H., et al. (1991). Aldehyde-enhanced photon emission from crude extracts of soybean seedlings. In Stanley, P. E., and Kricka, L. J. (eds.), Biolumin. Chemilumin., Proc. Int. Symp., 6th 1990, pp. 273-276. Wiley, Chichester, UK. 

The Diesel engine has excessive emission of smoke and odor from aldehydes and oxygenated aromatics, which are not regulated at this moment. It is approximately 50% larger and heavier than a gasoline engine of the same horse power. However, it does have the virtue of better fuel economy and easier maintenance. 

The use of the fire fly light-emitting system. Light generation depends on the oxidation of a substance known as luciferin. This is a fatty aldehyde such as dodecanal. An enzyme called luciferase, extracted from fire flies, catalyses the oxidation. The reaction also requires ATP. Thus, light emission measures ATP. 

When the aldehydes 92 and 95 are treated with oxygen and t-butoxide the emission spectrum of the chemiluminescence matches the fluorescence of a mixture of the acridone and the 9-carboxylate the latter being formed via an acyl anion. 

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