Alcohols trivial names

Tablel.10 Retained Trivial Names of Alcohols and Phenols with Structures 1.24...

The language used will be the Queen s English or that subset of it as approved by the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). Where chemical names are concerned there are some lost causes, such as caustic soda, where little would be gained if those who clean factories called this substance sodium hydroxide. Arguably, the name caustic soda conveys more useful information. Similar lost causes are spirits of wine (ethyl alcohol or ethanol) and spirits of salts (hydrochloric acid). While lipid chemists may insist on referring to triacylglycerols many people in industry continue to refer to triglycerides. Similarly trivial names for fatty acids such as lauric will continue to be used. The principle in all of this is to use the proper name but to mention other names that are in common use. 

Most of the polymers are better known by their trivial names or trade names. Polymers prepared from single polymers are denoted by prefixing poly- to the name of the monomer, e.g., polyethylene, polypropylene, Polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene, etc. If the monomer has substituents or has a multi-worded name, the name of the monomer is enclosed in parenthesis after the prefix poly-, e.g., poly (methyl methacrylate), poly (vinyl alcohol), etc. Condensation polymers like that derived from ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid are named as poly (ethylene terephthalate). 

Salicin is an (9-glycoside of a phenol, namely salicyl alcohol. Salicin is a natural antipyretic and analgesic found in willow bark, and is the template from which aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, see Box 7.13) was developed. Prunasin from cherry laurel is an example of a cyanogenic glycoside, hydrolysis of which leads to release of toxic HCN (see Box 7.7). It is the (9-glucoside of the alcohol mandelonitrile, the trivial name for the cyanohydrin of benzaldehyde. It is the further hydrolysis of mandelonitrile that liberates HCN. 

The names of esters consist of two words that reflect their formation from an alcohol and a carboxylic acid. According to the 1UPAC rule. Ihe alkyl or aryl group of the alcohol is cited first followed by the carboxylate group of the acid with the ending -ate replacing the -ic of the acid. For example. CHiCHiCOOCH, the methyl ester of propanoic acid, is called methyl propanoate (or methyl propionate, if the trivial name, propionic acid, is used for the carboxylic acid). 

Many trivial names persist, particularly for aromatic, or arene alcohols (phenols) ... 

Reaction CH2CH2OH + NAD —> CH3CHO + NADH + H Systematic Name alcohol NAD oxidoreductase (1.1.1.1.) Trivial Name alcohol dehydrogenase... 

Individual enzymes are assigned a four-digit number, a systematic name, and a trivial name more commonly used by biochemists. For example, EC (Enzyme Commission) 2.7.1.2 denotes a transferase (major class 2) and indicates that a phosphate group is transferred (subclass 7) and that an alcohol group accepts the phosphate (sub-subclass 1). The final digit denotes that the enzyme is ATP D-glucose-6-phosphotransferase (glucokinase). For the most part, we will use the trivial names accepted by the IUB in our subsequent discussion of enzymes that participate in metabolic pathways. 

The most important of all these leaving groups are those based on sulfonate esters. The intermediates in the PBr3 reaction are unstable, but it is usually easy to make stable, usually crystalline loluene-pura-sulfonatcs from primary and secondary alcohols. We met these derivatives on p. 422. These i sol able but reactive compounds are so popular that they have been given a trivial name (Tosylates ) and the functional group has been allocated an organic element symbol Ts. This is what it means. 

The general term oxypyrazine is used here to include derivatives such as the cy-cloamidic tautomeric pyrazinones (1), the alcoholic hydroxyalkylpyrazines (2), the etherial alkoxypyrazines (3-5), the cycloamidic nontautomeric pyrazinones (6), and pyrazine A-oxides (7, 8) in addition, related types like diketopiperazines, acy-loxypyrazines, pyrazine quinones, and endoperoxypyrazines are covered as appropriate. Some brief ancillary information on trivial names, natural occurrence, and biological activities of pyrazines (mainly oxy derivatives) is collected in a final Appendix section. 

The initial synthesis of triquinacene (356) and, in fact, the coinage of its trivial name are due to Woodward and co-workers (Scheme 55).337 The lengthy route began with isodrin (349) which was converted to alcohol 350 by a procedure devised by... 

Betylates. Ammonioalkanesulfonate esters (1) have been given the trivial name betylates because they form betaines on substitution or elimination. They are prepared by reaction of alcohols with ethenesulfonyl chloride and trimethylamine and then with dimethylamine and CH3X. (equation I). ... 

The third case for likely enzymatic generation of an a-cyclopropyl radical or a cyclopropanone equivalent leading to target enzyme destruction is in the oxidation of cyclopropanol by certain bacterial alcohol dehydrogenases which have a novel type of redox coenzyme stoichiometrically bound and required for catalysis. The coenzyme has been termed pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) (174) or methoxatin and the trivial name... 

Bile alcohols found in lower vertebrates are polyhydric derivatives of cholestane (C27), 27-norcholestane (C26), 26,27-dinorcholestane (C25) or cholane (C24). The trivial names of the bile alcohols include as a prefix part of the Latin name of the genus of the animal from which they were first isolated. When both isomers differing in the configuration at C-5 are known, the prefix 5a or 5)8 is then used with the... 

Trivial name of bile alcohol Systematic name Natural source... 

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