Alcohols clean surfaces

Figure 10-101. Maximum AT values occur at the indicated threshold of film boiling, a typical example using 100% ethyl alcohol from a clean surface. (Used by permission Cichelli, M. T. and Bonilla, C. F. Transactions. AlChE, V. 41, No. 6, 1945. American Institute of Chemical Engineers. All rights reserved.)...

For formation of anticorrosive and adhesion-improving protective layers on metals the cleaned surface is treated with aqueous acidic solution containing molybdate, chromium fluoride, phosphate, acetate, and Zn ions. As dispersant a mixture of 60% alkali salt of a phosphate ester, 20% alkylpolyglucoside, and 20% fatty alcohol ethoxylate was applied. This method passivates the metal surface by formation of an anticorrosive and protective layer that improves adhesion of subsequent coatings. 

Clean single-crystal surface, 15 31 Clean surfaces, alcohol reactions, 29 37-38 Clear Air Act of 1970, 24 59, 62 Cleavage surfaces, dislocations on, 19 331-333 ClOj, ESR of, 22 309... 

Reactions alcohols, 29 36-49 adsorption, 29 36-37 clean surfaces, 29 37-38 ethanol oxidation, 29 44—48 methanol oxidation, 29 38-44 oxidation on copper and silver, 29 38-48 oxidation reaction, silver, 29 48-49 base-catalyzed, of hydrocarbons, 12 117 free radical mechanism in, of hydrogen peroxide, 4 343... 

Place the dead or the anaesthetised mouse on its back or right side on a clean surface. Wipe the abdomen and left side thoroughly with 70% alcohol to clean it off and to wet the fur — this is not going to sterilise the animal s surface, but as long as the spleen does not touch the surface, it will not result in contamination. 

In the case of octyl alcohol the area of a molecule is ca. 25 A. Thus a gm. molecule of octyl alcohol would occupy some 1 51 x 10 sq. cms. and the heat evolved would thus be of the order of 6000 calories per gm. molecule. If the liquid-liquid interface be formed by the condensation of a vapour on the clean surface of a liquid (ci) the heat of adsorption will be... 

Transparent Vitreosil apparatus must be given special care, as cleanliness is most important. At the working temperature many materials combine with silica and cause stains or devitrification. In addition to normal cleaning the surfaces are wiped with cotton wool dipped in alcohol. The cleaned surfaces must not be handled as finger marks are sufficient to cause devitrification. 

Preparation of microchromatoplates. Microscope slides must first be cleaned by wiping, washing with a detergent, then water and then alcohol. Do not touch the clean surfaces as this will prevent satisfactory coating. Place a mixture of 50 g silica gel G (a mixture of silicic acid and plaster of... 

If extremely clean surfaces are desired, care should be exercised to avoid certain industrial grade alcohols which contain impurities that may polymerize. For example, experience had indicated that traces of isobutyl ketone will be condensed by the sodium to form a water-insoluble soaplike film. 

The coupling agents are usually applied to a cleaned surface as dilute ( =>1%), partly hydrolysed solutions In water or alcohol. The methoxy groups hydrolyse to form sManols, which then react to form oligomers. These then can react with the surface to form a chemically bonded monolayer, upon which build up layers and clumps of more or less bonded slloxane polymer. 

Steel surfaces are cleaned with silica gel, carbon, and B-70 gasoline [38], or activated charcoal and ethyl alcohol [13] chromium-vanadium alloy—steel surfaces are cleaned with acetone [68]. The last stage in cleaning surfaces is treatment with an organic solvent. However, the preparation of pure solvents involves certain difficulties. In addition to this, contamination may easily be... 

Iodine is also a widely used disinfectant. The characteristics of chlorine and iodine are similar. The iodophors, mentioned above, are one of the most popular groups of disinfectants used in the laboratory. The typical range of dilution of an iodophor disinfectant is from 1.6 milliliters (ml) in 1 liter of water (giving 25 ppm of available iodine), to 4.7 ml in 1 liter (75 ppm iodine). Small amounts of iodine can be rapidly taken up by any extraneous protein present, so that dirty surfaces are difficult to treat, but clean surfaces or clear water can be effectively treated by 75 ppm available iodine. For washing the hands, it is recommended that an iodophor disinfectant be diluted 1 10, or 10 percent, in 50 percent ethyl alcohol, which will give 1,600 ppm of available iodine. At this concentration, relatively rapid inactivation of most microorganisms will occur. 

Analyses of the Si 2p spectra (Fig. 23b) showed lower silica signals at all takeoff angles on the alcohol-treated samples in comparison with clean samples. However, it can be seen that there was considerable presence of silica at the 10° angle, i.e., 25-559f of the signal obtained from clean surfaces, even though the depth of analysis was of the order of the molecular size of the alcohol molecules. 

Clean surface of grease or foreign matter with methyl alcohol or other compatible cleaning... 

Keep a clean fly room, fly kitchen, and culture environment. For cleaning surfaces in fly rooms, use alcohol or a spray disinfectant, e.g., Astell D. ... 

Fit the central neck of a 1-litre three-necked flask with an efficient double surface condenser and close the two side necks with corks (1). Place 52 g. (59-5 ml.) of ethyl n-valerate (Section 111,104) and 800 ml. of super-diy ethyl alcohol (Section 11,47, 5) (2) in the flask. Add 95 g. of clean sodium in small pieces through one of the apertures at such... 

Method 1. Place 11 5 g, of clean metallic sodium (compare Section III,7, Note 1), cut into small pieces, into a dry 1 litre round-bottomed fiask fitted with a 25 cm. double surface reflux condenser. Introduce 250 ml. of absolute, but preferably super dry (see Section 11,47, 5) ethyl alcohol all at once. A vigorous reaction ensues if the condenser tends to become flooded with alcohol, cool the flask either by surrounding it with a wet towel or by directing the waste water from the condenser upon... 

Place 10 g. of clean sodium (cut into small pieces) in a 500 ml. round bottomed flask fitted with a double surface reflux condenser. Introduce 100 g. (127 ml.) of absolute ethyl alcohol and allow the reaction to proceed as vigorously as possible if the alcohol tends to flood the condenser, cool the flask momentarily with a wet towel or by a stream of cold water. When all the sodium has reacted, add 40 g. of pure phenol. Distil ofif the... 

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