Alcohol with organic acids, reaction

Alkyds are saturated resins produced from the reaction of organic alcohols with organic acids. The ability to use any of the many suitable polyfunctional alcohols and acids permits selection of a large variation of repeating units. Formulating can provide resins that demonstrate a wide variety of characteristics involving flexibility heat resistance, chemical resistance, and electrical properties. 

Alkanesulfinyl chlorides have been prepared by the action of thionyl chloride on alkanesulfinic acids and by the solvolysis of alkylsulfur trichlorides with water, alcohols, and organic acids. The present procedure, which appears to be general for the preparation of sulfinyl chlorides in either the aliphatic or the aromatic series, is based on an improvement in the solvolysis method whereby the use of inert solvent is eliminated and the reaction is carried out in a one-phase system. ... 

Except with nitric acid, most dangerous reactions are those of alcohols with perchloric acid or its salts (that can form acid). All accidents reported are caused by the formation of highly unstable organic perchlorates. 

Esterification. Without a doubt, the best known nucleophilic reaction of alcohols is the reaction with organic acids and some derivatives, like acid anhydrides and acid chlorides, to form esters (Reaction XII). 

Esters or ethereal salts are derivatives of alcohols formed by the reaction of an alcohol with an acid. As they are thus acid derivatives also and as the more important esters are those formed from the organic acids, which we shall soon study, the chief discussion of them as a group will come later. There are, however, to be considered the esters formed from inorganic acids and these will be presented now. The chemical properties of alcohol in its relation to both bases and acids are of especial interest and importance. We have spoken of the fact that alcohol as an hydroxyl compound belongs to the water type, and that the other representatives of this type are the metal hydroxides or bases, and the non-metal hydroxides or acids. 

Examples of other plasticisers are an adduct of tetrahydrofurfural alcohol and ethylene oxide and the reaction products of ethylene glycol either with organic acids or with anhydrides. Polyols and natural and synthetic rubbers are examples of flexibilisers. 

N,N DIMETHYLAMINO-C YCLO-HEXANE (98-94-2) CgH N Highly flammable liquid. Forms explosive mixture with air (flash point 108°F/42°C). An organic base. Reacts with oxidizers acids (reaction may be exothermic). Contact with strong reducing agents, including metal hydrides, nitrides, sulfides, alkali metals, and metal alkyls, may form flammable hydrogen gas. Incoirqjatible with acrylates, alcohols. 

Methyl alcohol reacts slowly with organic acids. When equal molecular quantities of the alcohol and an acid are mixed, complete reaction does not take place, as the compound formed is decomposed by water, the reaction being reversible. For example, methyl alcohol and acetic acid form methyl acetate and water —... 

Alcohol reacts with organic acids and forms ethereal salts (esters), the reaction being facilitated by the presence of a dehydrating agent. For example, alcohol and acetic acid, when warmed together in the presence of sulphuric acid, form ethyl acetate —... 

Esters can be prepared by heating a mixture of a salt of the acid and an alcohol with concentrated sulphuric acid. The latter liberates the organic acid and the excess used serves to catalyze the reaction. This modification of the usual method of heating a mixture of the acid and alcohol with sulphuric acid is generally used in large scale production of esters because many anhydrous liquid acids are obtained with some difficulty and are, therefore, more expensive than the sodium salts of these acids, which can be obtained from solution by simple evaporation to dryness. 

We conducted photolysis experiments with methane, ethane, propane, n- and /-butane, n- and /-pentane and n-hexane. Hydroperoxides were the main products in all experiments. Other products were carbonyls, alcohols and organic acids. Peroxides were found only when hydrocarbons are present in high excess in the reaction mixture. In the photolysis of hydrocarbons > C4 no peroxides were found. We discuss the experiment with n-butane as an example. 

Most organic reactions involve more than one step. It is therefore necessary to consider the kinetic expressions that arise from some of the more important cases of multistep reactions. There may be a rapid equilibrium preceding the rate-determining step. Such a mechanism may operate, for example, in the reaction of an alcohol with hydrobromic acid to give an alkyl bromide ... 

The various reactions characteristic of an alcohol which lactic acid (or it esters or amides) may undergo are xanthation with carbon bisulphide, esterification with organic acids and dehdrogenation or oxygenation to form pyruvic acid or its derivatives. The acid reactions of lactic acid are those that form salts. It also imdergoes esterification with various alcohols. 

---