Alcohol-substituted polymers from

Acetylene-substituted Si-N-P compounds, synthesis, 236-237 Activated aluminas, description, 165 Aerogels, definition, 127 Aggregation of fractals, 104,106 Alcohol-substituted polymers from aldehydes and ketones, deprotonation-substitution reactions, 249-250 Alkenylborazine copolymers, quantitative reactivity studies of copolymerization reactions, 394... 

A potential polymeric herbicide and/or pesticide has been made from poly(vinyl alcohol) and 2,6-dichlorobenzaldehyde, which is a known pesticide with strong herbacidal and moderate fungicidal activity, as outlined in Equation 16. This polymer shows negligible hydrolysis at room temperature and only 2% hydrolysis after three days at 60°C. The extent of substitution ranged from 18-68% (56). 

Radical and Condensation Polymerization. New classes of organometallic polymers have been isolated from the reaction of chloro-substituted polymers with alcohols or amines.168,169 170 The reaction of the acetylide, 86, with polymer 85 is shown in Scheme 2.27. Polymer 88 was isolated from the reaction of polymer 87 with hydrazine.169,170... 

A.L.R. Williams and D.G. Borden, The preparation and properties of photoreactive polymers I. 2 (arylvinyl) N vinylpyridinium arylsulfonate polymers, Makromol. Chem. 73, 203 (1964) D.G. Borden and J.L.R. Williams, Photopolymer design Photocrosslinkable styrylpyridinium substituted vinyl polymers with absorption maxima from 270 nm to 540 nm, Makromol. Chem. 178, 3035 (1977) K. Ichimura and N. Oohara, J. Polym. Set, Polym. Chem. Ed. 25, 3063 (1987) K. Ichimura and S. Watanabe, Immobilization of enzymes with use of photosensitive polymers having the stilbazolium group, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem., Ed. 18, 891 (1980) K. Ichimura, Prep aration of water soluble photoresist derived from poly(vinyl alcohol), J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem., Ed. 20, 1411 (1982) Preparation and characteristics of photocross linkable poly(vinyl alcohol), 20, 1419 (1982). 

Polymers from hydroxy-substituted fatty acids or esters, derived from fats and oils and bifunctional compounds, have been reported [277]. The fat- and glyceridic oil-derived monomers used represent an inexpensive and readily obtainable monomer source for the preparation of condensation polymers from hydroxy- or amino-substituted fatty acids (e.g. 12-hydroxystearic acid) with difunctional compounds (e.g. diamines, polyamines, amino alcohols, diols, polyols, diacid chlorides, diisocyanates, phosgene, etc.). 

Method 5. Polymerization of 2,2 -Pyridoins 2,2 -Pyridoin [68] has been polymerized with metal acetates in alcohol containing a little acetic acid (IS). The polymers from Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) possessed molecular weights of 2500-3000. From the structural evidence that was obtained in the work, the Cu(II) polymers were postulated to possess a planar-sheetlike structure, whereas the Ni(II) polymer had octahedral coordination. The Zn(II) polymer was a three-dimensional network, a fact that could account for its greater thermal stability. Substituted pyridoins have also been polymerized and are detailed in Table VII.5 (pp. 204-206). 

All polymers must be checked for the presence of residual monomers, which by their nature are reactive, toxic materials. During manufacture, other low molecular weight materials may be unintentionally synthesized from EO and PO, such as acetaldehyde and 1,4-dioxane (from EO), and propionaldehyde, allyl alcohol, allyloxy-2-propanol, and substituted dioxolanes (from PO). Good manufacturing practice requires that these low molecular weight compounds be vacuum stripped from the surfactant at the end of the alkoxylation reaction. Generally, the presence of a high level of one of these is associated with the presence of others, so that it is not necessary to determine each individually for routine quality control. Dioxanes and dioxolanes from surfactant synthesis seem not to be the cause of odor complaints, unlike the similiar family of compounds produced as a byproduct of polyester resin manufacture (52,53). 

Oxidation of LLDPE starts at temperatures above 150°C. This reaction produces hydroxyl and carboxyl groups in polymer molecules as well as low molecular weight compounds such as water, aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols. Oxidation reactions can occur during LLDPE pelletization and processing to protect molten resins from oxygen attack during these operations, antioxidants (radical inhibitors) must be used. These antioxidants (qv) are added to LLDPE resins in concentrations of 0.1—0.5 wt %, and maybe naphthyl amines or phenylenediamines, substituted phenols, quinones, and alkyl phosphites (4), although inhibitors based on hindered phenols are preferred. 

The multipolymer enzymatic resolution of soluble polymer-supported alcohols 42 and 43 was achieved using an immobilised lipase from Candida Antarctica (Novozym 435). The R-alcohol was obtained in enantiomerically pure form (>99% ee) after its cleavage from the poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG) scaffold . The achiral hydantoin- and isoxazoline-substituted dispirocyclobutanoids 47 were produced using both solution and solid-phase synthesis <00JOC3520, OOCC1835>. 

Several approaches have been undertaken to construct redox active polymermodified electrodes containing such rhodium complexes as mediators. Beley [70] and Cosnier [71] used the electropolymerization of pyrrole-linked rhodium complexes for their fixation at the electrode surface. An effective system for the formation of 1,4-NADH from NAD+ applied a poly-Rh(terpy-py)2 + (terpy = terpyridine py = pyrrole) modified reticulated vitreous carbon electrode [70]. In the presence of liver alcohol dehydrogenase as production enzyme, cyclohexanone was transformed to cyclohexanol with a turnover number of 113 in 31 h. However, the current efficiency was rather small. The films which are obtained by electropolymerization of the pyrrole-linked rhodium complexes do not swell. Therefore, the reaction between the substrate, for example NAD+, and the reduced redox catalyst mostly takes place at the film/solution interface. To obtain a water-swellable film, which allows the easy penetration of the substrate into the film and thus renders the reaction layer larger, we used a different approach. Water-soluble copolymers of substituted vinylbipyridine rhodium complexes with N-vinylpyrrolidone, like 11 and 12, were synthesized chemically and then fixed to the surface of a graphite electrode by /-irradiation. The polymer films obtained swell very well in aqueous... 

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