Alcohol drunk drivers

Laws passed in some states define a drunk driver as one who drives with a blood alcohol level of 0.10% by mass or higher. The level of alcohol can be determined by titrating blood plasma with potassium dichromate according to the unbalanced equation... 

This decision meant that involuntary alcohol blood tests (and by extension, blood or other tests for drugs) were not unconstimtional in themselves. Roadside and other testing of suspected drunk drivers would later become routine. 

When suspected drunk drivers are tested with a Breathalyzer, the alcohol (ethanol) in the exhaled breath is oxidized to acetic acid with an acidic solution of potassium dichromate ... 

The authors conclude that drug use among DWI offenders may be much more widespread than is indicated by self-report. Drunk drivers and drugged drivers also reported significant differences in attitudes about driving under the influence of alcohol and other drugs. 

There has been considerable discussion in the world s medical literature and at medical conferences as to whether physicians should actually advocate initiation of alcohol consumption for patients who currently do not drink. Certainly, there is unequivocal proof of the cardiovascular benefits, but there is also unequivocal proof of the potential downside of drinking, both for the individual and for society as a whole. The horrors of deaths to drunk drivers and their victims come vividly and dramatically to mind, as does the sociological impact of alcoholism on the individual and his or her family. 

If this seems like an onerous burden on businesses that serve alcohol, you probably would not feel that way if someone you loved was killed by a drunk driver leaving a bar. Theoretically, it is the drinker who should be responsible enough to arrange for a safe way to get home if he or she intends to drink. However, alcohol impairs judgment. So drinkers cannot be relied upon to make good decisions. Therefore, the establishment that is making a profit on excessive alcohol use will have to be inconvenienced to reduce the harm that drunk drivers cause. 

Application of Alcohol Determination in Saliva to Drunk Drivers Kagaku Keisatsu Kenkyusho Hokoku 23(2) 122-127 (1970) CA 74 30477t... 

The amount of electrical current produced depends on the amount of alcohol in the breath. A higher current reveals a higher blood alcohol level. When calibrated correctly, the fuel-cell breathalyzer can precisely measure the blood alcohol level of a suspected drunk driver. 

Many police departments use breath tests to check for drunk drivers. What would be the approximate partial pressure of ethanol in expired breath if the blood alcohol content is approximately 0.06 mole % (that is, Xe,hanoi = 0.0006) The equilibrium vapor pressure of C2H5OH at 37°C is 115.5 torr. Use your answer to comment on the necessary sensitivity of the test. 

When alcohol is present in the blood, it evaporates throngh the lungs. Thns, the percentage of alcohol in the lungs can be nsed to calculate the blood alcohol concentration (BAC). Several devices are used to measure the BAC. When a Breathalyzer is used, a suspected drunk driver exhales through a mouthpiece into a solution containing... 

The police may pull over a driver weaving erratically on the highway on suspicion of drunk driving. A police officer must confirm this suspicion by assessing whether the driver has a blood alcohol concentration over the "legal limit." The "Breathalyzer" test checks a person s breath using a redox reaction to determine blood alcohol concentration. This test was invented in 1953 by Robert Borkenstein, a former member of the Indiana State Police, and a professor of forensic studies. 

Stemming the drunk-driving problem seems to be a matter of sustained attention and action by law enforcement and citizens action groups. Drivers perceptions that arrest and conviction are likely consequences of drunk driving also are important. Alcohol s effects on sex and aggression are major topics of social interest and concern. To understand alcohol s association with aggressive behavior it is necessary to take into account characteristics of the aggressor and situational factors, only one of which is alcohol. 

The police often use a device called a breath analyzer to test drivers suspected of being drunk. The chemical basis of this device is a redox reaction. A sample of the driver s breath is drawn into the breath analyzer, where it is treated with an acidic solution of potassium dichromate. The alcohol (ethanol) in the breath is converted to acetic acid as shown in the following equation ... 

Caffeine does appear to improve some of the detrimental effects of alcohol in some psychomotor tests, which is probably why there is a longstanding and time-hallowed belief in the value of strong black coffee to sober up those who have drunk too much. In addition, it is just possible that the time taken to drink the coffee gives the liver just a little more time to metabolise some of the alcohol. However, it seems that it is not effective in all aspects of alcohol impairment, particularly subjective effects. In addition, caffeine does not reduce blood-alcohol levels. Coffee and other sources of caffeine do not make it safe to drive or handle dangerous machinery, and it may even make drivers more accident-prone. 

Develop a policy for observations made by others. Consider the case of a driver sitting 200 miles away at the shipper s dock. The shipper calls and says your driver is drunk. Even if the shipper s trained supervisor makes the observation, you cannot perform a reasonable-suspicion alcohol test because a trained supervisor from your company did not make the observation. 

Description of hazard. Alcohol and car accidents. Almost 11,000 people die every year in accidents related to drunk driving. Of those, more than three youths die every day. The average for a drunk driving-related death is one person every 50 minutes. These deaths make up about one third of all traffic deaths. In terms of disfance, a drunken person needs an esfimated 4 extra feet of breaking distance compared to a driver who hasn t had anything to drink. 

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