Alcohol apnea with

The side effects of barbiturates include sedation, poor physical coordination, and impaired mental performance. They also potentiate the intoxicating effects of alcohol. Barbiturates can be extremely dangerous in overdose, causing anesthesia, coma, and even death. In addition, barbiturates can cause dangerous suppression of breathing in patients with sleep apnea or other respiratory disorders. With repeated use over just a few weeks, physical dependence and tolerance to their effects can develop, leading to increasing doses to maintain the desired therapeutic effect. If a... 

Side effects of benzodiazepines include sedation, dizziness, poor coordination, and, at higher doses, amnesia. Benzodiazepines also increase the effects of alcohol therefore, alcohol use should be avoided or markedly curtailed. Benzodiazepines can also exacerbate the breathing problems of patients with sleep apnea and other respiratory disorders such as emphysema. Like the barbiturates, long-term use of benzodiazepines can lead to physical dependence, and abrupt discontinuation can produce an unpleasant, or even dangerous, withdrawal syndrome. 

Special risk Ramelteon has not been studied in subjects with severe sleep apnea or severe CORD and is not recommended for use in those populations. Advise patients to exercise caution if they consume alcohol in combination with ramelteon. 

Effects of modafinil on residual sleepiness in OSA patients treated with nCPAP Effects of bright light Sleep history and apnea severity in commercial truck drivers Effects of alcohol Sedating effects of melatonin... 

Reversible neuropsychiatric symptoms, readily resembling alcoholic intoxication, have occurred after a single dose of 5 ml. Sleep apnea causing neuropsychiatric abnormalities has been attributed to exposure to high concentrations of tetrachloroethylene and A-butanol vapors however, the patient was obese and the association with the solvents was not clear (611). 

The BZDs have a low order of toxicity unless ingested with other CNS depressants. Deep coma is rare. The BZDs have been known to cause dose-dependent adverse CNS effects. BZD overdosage may result in somnolence, impaired coordination, slurred speech, confusion, coma, and diminished reflexes. Hypotension, seizures, respiratory depression, and apnea may also occur. Although cardiac arrest has been reported, death from overdosage of BZDs in the absence of concurrent ingestion of alcohol and other CNS depressants is rare. 

Benzodiazepine hypnotics should not be prescribed for individuals with sleep apnea, a history of substance abuse, or during pregnancy. Patients should be instructed to avoid alcohol even taking alcohol on the day after ingestion of a benzodiazepine with a long elimination half-life can result in additive CNS impairment. Prescriptions for benzodiazepine hypnotics should be accompanied by printed information and verbal counseling on precautions. 

Several clinical and experimental studies have provided novel insights into the pathogenesis of lone AF, and modern diagnostic techniques have revealed previously unappreciated abnormalities. Thus in some patients with lone AF, there may be underlying abnormalities that are either occult or have yet to be discovered. In some patients with lone AF, occult hypertension may be present but masked by the antihypertensive effects of medications used for rate control. Several epidemiological associations of AF include obesity, sleep apnea, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, increased alcohol consumption, anger and hostility, increased pulse pressure, and subclinical atherosclerosis (assessed by carotid... 

Sharkey KM, Kurth ME, Anderson BJ, Corso RP, Millman RP, Stein MD. Obstructive sleep apnea is more common than central sleep apnea in methadone maintenance patients with subjective sleep complaints. Drug Alcohol Depend 2010 108 77-83. 

Relative asthma, hypercarbia, paralytic ileus, respiratory depression, heart failure secondary to chronic lung disease, cardiac arrhythmia, intracranial mass associated with increased intracranial pressure, acute alcoholism, delirium tremens, obstructive sleep apnea. 

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