Apnea with

Cistulli PA, Gotsopoulos H, Marklund M, Lowe AA (2004) Treatment of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea with mandibular repositioning appliances. Sleep Medicine Reviews 8 443... 

Schwab RJ, Pasirstein M, Pierson R, Mackley A, Hachadoorian R, Arens R, Maislin G, Pack AI (2003) Identification of Upper Airway Anatomic Risk Factors for Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Volumetric Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 168 522-530... 

Franklin KA, Eriksson P, Sahlin C, Lundgren R (1997) Reversal of central sleep apnea with oxygen. Chest 111 163-169... 

J Theodore, JE Millen, HV Murdaugh. Prolonged postoperative apnea with pseudocholinesterase deficiency. Am Rev Respir Dis 96 508, 1967. 

Two former preterm infants (postconceptual age 38 weeks) both received spinal anesthetics for inguinal herniorrhaphy (block level T4—6) (197). No other medications were given. Both infants had frequent episodes of perioperative apnea and associated bradycardia. One had a 20-second bout of apnea, with an oxygen saturation of 70% and a heart rate of 80/minute, the other a 30-second bout of apnea, with a saturation of 70% and a heart rate of 60/minute. These episodes persisted for 8 hours into the postoperative period in one of the infants. 

Birch JH, Foldes FF, Rendell-Baker L. Causes and prevention of prolonged apnea with succinylcholine. Curr Res Anesth Analg 1956 35(6) 609-33. 

Severe distress (unconscious, convulsing or postictal, with or without apnea) with circulation intact... 

Another aspeet to eonsider beyond deep inspiration is the inspiratory apnea, assured through the glottie funetion. The deep inspiration stretches the airways, and increases the contraction force of the expiratory muscles as well as the retraction force of the lung parenehyma the inspiratory apnea (with glottic closure) facilitates the airway distribution to the most peripheral areas of the lung and increases intrathoracic pressure. 

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