Albumin normal adult human

These data indicate that the turnover of RBP in vivo is quite rapid, with a fairly high body synthetic (production) rate for a protein of such low plasma concentration. This rapid turnover rate underlies the potential usefulness of RBP measurements in helping to assess the functional state of the liver in patients with hepatic disease, or the nutritional status of patients with borderline or actual malnutrition (see discussion below under clinical studies). It is of interest to compare the turnover of RBP with that of other plasma proteins. It has been pointed out (F. R. Smith et al., 1975) that the respective half-lives (in days) and synthetic rates (in milligrams per kilogram per day) in normal adult human subjects are approximately 0.5 and 5 for RBP 2-3 and 8-9 for TTR (Vahlquist et al., 1973 Socolow et al., 1965) and 14 and 200 for albumin (Beeken et al., 1962). 

Fig. 7 represents in schematic form a sedimentation diagram obtained with normal adult human serum under standardized conditions (276). Four components are indicated, the largest, 820 approximately 4.5, is designated A and consists chiefly of albumins another, 820 approximately 7 S, is designated G and consists largely of various globulins a rapidly sedimenting component, S20 between 175 and 20 8, was found upon electro-... 

Copper values are so well established that a recent report has listed the distribution of the element among the components of human plasma or serum [30]. According to this analysis, copper in normal adult plasma exists at an average of 0.600 (xg/mL associated with ceruloplasmin, 0.12 (jig/mL with transcuprein, 0.150 p,g/mL with albumin, and 0.090 p,g/mL with the low molecular weight components (<30,000). Such profiling of trace elements will be very meaningful in clinical diagnosis and treatment. 

The normal distribution is applicable not only to repeated measurements made on the same specimen. It also often fits the distribution of results obtained when the same quantity is measured for different materials from similar sources. For example, if we measured the concentration of albumin in blood sera taken from healthy adult humans we would find the results were approximately normally distributed. 

HSA is the single most abundant protein in blood (Table 12.7). Its normal concentration is approximately 42 g 1 1, representing 60 per cent of total plasma protein. The vascular system of an average adult thus contains in the region of 150 g of albumin. HSA is responsible for over 80 per cent of the colloidal osmotic pressure of human blood. More than any other plasma constituent, HSA is thus responsible for retaining sufficient fluid within blood vessels. It has been aptly described as the protein that makes blood thicker than water. 

In a normal human adult, about 2 g of zinc is filtered by the kidneys daily and about 0.3 to 0.6 mg is actually excreted each day (Goyer 1986). Zinc homeostasis in rats, unlike most mammals, is maintained by zinc secretion from the intestines rather than by regulation of zinc absorption (Elinder 1986). Initial uptake of zinc from the rat gastrointestinal tract involves binding to albumin and transport of the zinc-albumin complex from intestine to liver (Hoadley and Cousins 1988). 

The biocompatibility of PHAs originates from the fact that some monomers incorporated into the polymer chain occur naturally in the human body. The monomer (i )-3-hydroxybutyric acid is a normal metabohte found in human blood. This hydroxy acid is present at concentrations of 3 10 mg per 100 ml blood in healthy adults. Also low molecular weight PHAs are found com-plexed to other cellular macromolecules - hence they are called complexed PHAs (cPHAs). For example, cPHAs have been found in human tissues complexed with low-density lipoproteins, carrier protein albumin and in the potassium channel (KcsA) of Streptomyces lividans. Biocompatibility of PHAs, like any other biomaterial, is dependent on factors such as shape, surface porosity, surface hydrophilicity, surface energy, chemistry of the material and its degradation product. In tissue engineering, it is important that the... 

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