Agrochemicals application technology

Bukovac, M. J. In "Improving Agrochemical and Fertilizer Application Technology" Hall, F. R., Ed. Agricultural Research Institute Bethesda, MD, 1985 pp. 25-38. 

This leaves two basic formulation types to consider. The first is the capsulated suspension (CS) formulation. This formulation is used to deliver a version of the active ingredient that has a reduced toxicity, reduced volatility, or a reduced release rate. The agrochemicals application area is one of the key areas when encapsulation technology has yielded commercial products. The second category is tank mix additive (TMA). The TMA is not really a formulation type on its own, but is rather any material diat is added to a tank mix to aid or modify the action of the agrichemical, or die physical characteristics of the mixture(l). It can be in almost any form, and can function in one or more of a multitude of mechanisms. 

The development of sensitive and inexpensive immunoassays for low molecular weight pesticides has been an important trend in environmental and analytical sciences during the past two decades. 0.27-29 jq design an immunoassay for a pesticide, one can rely on the immunoassay literature for agrochemicals, " but many of the innovations in clinical immunoanalysis are also directly applicable to environmental analysis. - Conversely, the exquisite sensitivity required and difficult matrices present for many environmental immunoassay applications have forced the development of technologies that are also useful in clinical immunoassay applications. In the following discussion we will describe widely accepted procedures for the development of pesticide immunoassays. 

The ability to efficiently synthesize enantiomerically enriched materials is of key importance to the pharmaceutical, flavor and fragrance, animal health, agrochemicals, and functional materials industries [1]. An enantiomeric catalytic approach potentially offers a cost-effective and environmentally responsible solution, and the assessment of chiral technologies applied to date shows enantioselective hydrogenation to be one of the most industrially applicable [2]. This is not least due to the ability to systematically modify chiral ligands, within an appropriate catalyst system, to obtain the desired reactivity and selectivity. With respect to this, phosphorus(III)-based ligands have proven to be the most effective. 

The combination of microwave-assisted chemistry and solid-phase synthesis applications is a logical consequence of the increased speed and effectiveness offered by microwave dielectric heating. While this technology is heavily used in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical research laboratories already, a further increase in the use of microwave-assisted solid-phase synthesis both in industry and in academic laboratories can be expected. This will depend also on the availability of modern microwave instrumentation specifically designed for solid-phase chemistry, involving for example dedicated vessels for bottom filtration techniques. 

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