Agricultural products, analysis

Spices are natural agricultural products and exhibit a range of variations of many specific characteristics. The most important quaUty assessment is the subjective physical observation of the whole or ground spice by an expert. The macroscopic and microscopic examination of spice is the criterion for the continued analysis of the product to determine adherance to specifications. 

Handbook of Photosynthesis, edited by Mohammad Pessarakli Chemical and Isotopic Groundwater Hydrology The Applied Approach, Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, Emanuel Mazor Fauna in Soil Ecosystems Recycling Processes, Nutrient Fluxes, and Agricultural Production, edited by Gero Benckiser Soil and Plant Analysis in Sustainable Agriculture and Environment, edited by Teresa Hood and J. Benton Jones, Jr. 

Many natural products are charged substances, and can be isolated by IEC methods. Dufresne has published a comprehensive review describing various resins and column operating conditions applicable to purification of natural products from fermentation broths or crude extracts.168 Among natural products, antibiotics are of special interest due to their widespread use in humans and animals. Sample cleanup by IEC prior to analysis by other LC methods for quantitative determination of antibiotics in biological fluids is frequent.I69171 Also, IEC followed by TLC appears useful for the quantitation of fumonisin Bl, a mycotoxin found in agricultural products.172... 

Agricultural Products for DNA sequence analysis and financial support. 

Maybury, R. (1984 ) Laboratory Manual for Pesticide Residue Analysis in Agricultural Products, Food Production and Inspection Branch, Agriculture, Canada, revised. 

Nakamura Y, Tonogai Y, Sekiguchi Y, et al. 1994. Multiresidue analysis of 48 pesticides in agricultural products by capillary gas chromatography. J Agric Food Chem 42(11) 2508-2518. 

Because NIR was initially used for food and agriculture products, it has evolved as a technique for complex matrices. Many types of hardware have become available for NIR work interference filters, gratings, interferometers, diode arrays, and acousto-optic tunable filters. And, as it was originally developed for complex mixtures, chemometrics has been an integral part of any NIR analysis for the last few decades. NIR practitioners are quite comfortable with multivariate equations and development of equations for complex matrices. 

Of special interest is the nitrate electrode, which has found many applications in quantitative analysis of nitrates in biological fluids and agricultural products. A nitrate-selective electrode [132] based on a tributyl-octadecylphosphonium ligand is also selective for perrhenate and perchlorate ions. 

Shenk, J.S., Workman, J.J. Jr and Westerhaus, M.O. (1992) Application of NIR spectroscopy to agricultural products. In Flandbook of Near-Infrared Analysis. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 383 29. 

Swedish National Board of Trade. 2003. Market Access for Organic Agriculture Products from Developing Countries Analysis of the EC Regulation (2092/91). Kommerskollegium, Stockholm. 

The areas which need to be addressed to bring SFE into the routine laboratory are precision/reproducibility and multi-sample analysis. Without development in these directions, competition with conventional methodology does not exist. As demonstrated by applications to Agricultural Products, experiments will be presented which show the feasibility of using SFE as a routine analytical tool in sample preparation. 

Technicon Instruments Corp. (1977) Digestion and Sample Preparation for the Analysis of Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen and/or Total Phosphorus in Food and Agricultural Products using the Technicon BD-20/40 Block Digestor, Technicon Industrial Method No.369-75A, Technicon Instruments Corporation, New York, USA. 

The application of standards in crop protection machines is an in rortant contribution to the availability of well performing equipment thus improving the safety of the operators, environmental protection and, at the same time, the quality of agricultural products. Standards offer the highest benefits when there are national regulations such as is the case of the EU Machine Directive. This Directive could be a first important step and may offer protection to farmers ffom cheap, low quality machinery carrying a CE stamp based only on approximate risk analysis. 

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