Pesticides agricultural applications

Commercial pesticide applicators are faced with a serious problem in the proper disposal of the large volumes of pesticide contaminated wastewater that are produced during the cleanup of application equipment. Various studies (Whittaker et al. 1982) have reported that the typical agricultural pesticide applicator will produce between 100 and 400 liters of pesticide-contaminated wash water each time he cleans the equipment. For a typical applicator, this amounts to approximately 20,000 liters of waste annually from each piece of equipment (i.e., airplane or truck) that he uses. 

Roberts EM, English PB, Grether JK, Windham GC, Somberg L, Wolff C (2007) Maternal residence near agricultural pesticide applications and autism spectrum disorders among children in the California Central Valley. Environ Health Perspect 115 1482-1489... 

Bakei P. B., Arizona Agricultural Pesticide Applicator Training Manual, Co-operative Extension, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 1992. 

Elevated risks of neural tube defects and other deformities were associated with maternal residence in proximity to agricultural pesticide applications in a California study. The risks were associated with amide, benzimidazole, methyl carbamate, or organophosphorus pesticide use. The risks were found to be greater when increasing numbers of pesticides were applied. ... 

Rull RP, Ritz B, Shaw CM. Neural tube defects and maternal residential proximity to agricultural pesticide applications. Am J Epidemiol 2006 163(8) 743-53. 

Ames, R., Steenland, K., Jenkins, B., Chrislop, D., Russo, J. (1995). Chronic neurological sequelae to cholinesterase inhibition among agricultural pesticide applicators. Archives of Environmental Health, 50, 440-443. 

Ames, R., Steenland, K., Jenkins, B., Chrislop, D. and Russo, J. 1995. Chronic neurologic sequelae to cholinesterase inhibition among agriculture pesticide applicators. Arch. Environ. Health, 50 440-444. Anderson, D.R., Harris, L.W., Chang, F.-C.T., Baze, W.B., Capacio, B.R., Byers, S.L. and Lennox, W.J. 1997. Antagonism of soman-induced convulsion by midazolam, diazepam and scopolamine. Drug Chem. Toxicol, 20 115-131. 

DanieU, W., Barhart, S., Demers, P., Cost, L.G., Eaton, D., Miller, M. and Rosenstock, L. 1992. Neuropsychological performance among agricultural pesticide applicators. Environ. Res., 59 217-228. 

L., Neuropsychological performance among agricultural pesticide applicators. Environ. Res., 59, 217, 1992. 

R. G. Ames, K. Steenland, B. Jenkins, D. Chrislip and J. Russo, Chronic neurologic sequelae to cholinesterase inhibition among agricultural pesticide applicators, Arch. Environ. Health, 1995, 50, 440-444. 

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