Agricultural Model

An extensive pesticide properties database was compiled, which includes six physical properties, ie, solubiUty, half-life, soil sorption, vapor pressure, acid pR and base pR for about 240 compounds (4). Because not all of the properties have been measured for all pesticides, some values had to be estimated. By early 1995, the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) had developed a computerized pesticide property database containing 17 physical properties for 330 pesticide compounds. The primary user of these data has been the USDA s Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) for leaching models to advise farmers on any combination of soil and pesticide properties that could potentially lead to substantial groundwater contamination. 

In its development, it adapted two existing technologies, In the agricultural sector, the mechanics of grain elevators provided a model for how to move solids vertical distances and in closed-loop flow arrangements. Sacony engineers modified the elevator bucket systems traditionally used by the grain industry to carry hot catalyst from the bottom to top of vessels and between vessels. 

Park, E. Y. Murakami, H. Matsumura, Y. (2005). Effects of the addition of amino acids and peptides on lipid oxidation in a powdery model system. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol. 53, No. 21, (September 2005), pp. 8334-8341 7, ISSN 0021-8561. 

Dr. G. A. LeBlanc of North Carolina State University is evaluating effects of potentially endocrine-disrupting chemicals, including endosulfan, on steroid hormone biotransformation/elimination processes in daphnids, fish, and mice, and is constructing models of the processes. The work is being funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. 

Hill, B.D. and Schaalje, G.B. (1985). A two compartment model for the dissipation of delta-methrin in soil. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 33, 1001-1006. 

Rotz, C. A., Corson, M. S., Chianese, D. S., and Coiner, C. U. (2009). Integrated Farm System Model Reference Manual. Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, University Park, PA http //ars.usda.gov/SP U-serFiles/Place/19020000/ifsmreference.pdf. (accessed). 

Marschner H. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants, Academic Press, London, 1995. S. A. Barber and J. H. Cushman, Nitrogen uptake model for agricultural crops, Moiieling Waste Water Renovation—Land Treatment (I. Iskander, ed.), Wiley In-terScience, New York, 1981. pp. 382-404. 

More than 200 engineers and scientists participated in the development of EPIC and more than 50 publications describe testing and use of the model.70 EPIC is in use by the Natural Resource and Conservation Service the Agricultural Research Service of the USDA Iowa State Texas A M Washington State in Australia Syria Jordan Canada Germany Taiwan and other countries and universities around the world. 

The HYDRUS computer model was developed by the Agricultural Research Service of the USDA to estimate water flow in unsaturated soils that support plant growth81 It was developed as a onedimensional model, and then modified to allow solution of two-dimensional problems.82 HYDRUS employs the Richards equation to solve water flow in unsaturated soil however, it uses different solution methods from those used in UNSAT-H. It also requires extensive data input. The available windows version simplifies data entry and model operation. 

Mitchell, G., Griggs, R.H., Benson, V., and Williams, J., The EPIC Model, Environmental Policy Integrated Climate formerly Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator, Manual, Texas Agricultural Experimental Station and U.S. Department of Agricultural, Agricultural Research Service, Temple, TX, 1998. 

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