AFm phase

FIGURE 12.3 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) phase images of A, unaged and B, aged melamine fiber filaments at a scan area of 5 X 5 p,m. Arrows indicate direction of major fiber axis. (From Rajeev, R.S., Bhowmick, A.K., De, S.K., Gong, B., and Bandyopadhyay, S., J. Adh. Set Technol., 16, 1957, 2002. With permission.)... 

Fig. 3 TEM (top) and AFM phase contrast images (bottom) of aqueous micelles formed by a PS200-P2VP140-PEO590 ABC triblock copolymer at pH > 5 (left) and pH< 5 (right). For TEM pictures, the PS and P2VP blocks have been stained by Ru04. AFM images have been recorded with tapping mode (contrast scale black 0°, white 45°). Adapted from [47]...

Fig. 21 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) phase images of all block copolymers in the library after spin coating from 2% w/v solution in toluene. No annealing has been performed. The scale bar represents 100 nm. (Reprinted with permission from [78]. Copyright (2005) Royal Society of Chemistry)...

Incorporation in cement minerals will lead to a similar relationship, which may be described by a distribution ratio with the exception that uptake may be much greater than that of surface sorption ( ). Such mechanisms may apply to C-S-H, AFt, and AFm phases. The mechanism of incorporation may be by isomorphic substitution of a particular species within a crystal lattice. A good example here is the exchange of SO in ettringite for another anion. Another possibility is the adsorption to sites within a crystal structure, as may occur at silicate sites within C-S-H. 

Finally it should be noted that in real systems, solid solutions between SO - or OH- and a given contaminant oxyanion is likely to be the rule, whether AFt or AFm phases dominate. Little is known about the thermodynamics of such mixed solids and this certainly deserves further attention. 

Motzet, H. Pollmann, H. 1999. Synthesis and characterisation of sulfite-containing AFm phases in the system Ca0-Al203-S02-H20. Cement and Concrete Research, 29, 1005-1011. 

Fig. 44 a XRD curves of sepiolite and HNBR/sepiolite nanocomposite for various solvent combinations, b AFM phase image of HNBR/sepiolite nanocomposite for chloroform/MEK solvent combination, photograph HNBR/sepiolite nanocomposite for chloroform/MEK solvent combination... 

FIGURE 4.8. Schematic representation of the tetrarosette assembly. (A) Unfiltered high resolution tapping mode AFM phase image of the nanorod domain stmcture (inset) fast Fourier transform. (B) Fourier filtered section of raw data shown in A and unit cell of the lattice stmcture. (Reproduced with permission from Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2002, 99, 5024-5027. Copyright 2002 National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A.). 

Competing ground states and quantum criticality present a special interest of modem physics of strongly correlated systems and most of emergent materials [1, 2], The lightly doped Cu xMxGeO has demonstrated a competition of a dimerized spin-Peierls (SP) phase and a 3D AFM phase, which replace each other under temperature decrease [3-5], The microscopic mechanism of this replacement and phase coexistence (phase separation) could be a subject of magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 

We are going to explore of high frequency properties of all type AFM phases and SP-phase to justify its participation in phase-separated regions. Triplet excitations are representatives of SP-phase and exchange modes of magnetic resonance can serve as fingerprints of AFM order. 

Pro.5Sro.5Mn03 corresponds to phase IV with a type-A AFM phase appearing below a Ts = Too < Tc (Kawano et al., 1997 Damay et al., 1998 Llobet et al., 1999). In this phase,... 

The nature of structural orders in the PQT-12 thin films can be further characterized by atomic-force microscopic (AFM) analysis. Figure 4.10 shows the AFM phase images of a 20-nm PQT-12 film on an OTS-8-modified wafer surface before... 

Fig. 4.10. AFM phase images of 20-nm films cast from NanoPQT dispersion on OTS-8-modified SiC>2 surfaces (a) as cast (b) annealed at 145 °C and cooled to 25 °C over a period of 10 min, revealing a highly crystalline...

Figure 24. Variation in the percentage of the different phases of Ndo.5-SrasMnOj with temperature FMM phase (diamonds) orbitally ordered A-type AFM phase (circles) charge-ordered CE-type AFM phase (squares) (from Woodward et al.50),...

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