Aerobic bacterium

Nitrobacter, an aerobic bacterium, can materially depress pH by oxidizing nitrite (NO2 ) to nitrate (NOa ), in effect producing nitric acid. Acidity may increase until pH is between 3 and 5. Such bacteria require high concentrations of oxygen and cause problems only in oxygenated systems. 

Bacillus subtilis (B. Subtilis) An aerobic bacterium used as a host in rDNA experiments. 

Sharma PK, PL McCarty (1996) Isolation and characterization of a facultatively aerobic bacterium that reduc-tively dehalogenates tetrachloroethene to ciT-dichloroethene. Appl Environ Microbiol 62 761-765. 

Lobos JH, TK Leib, T-M Su (1992) Biodegradation of bisphenol A and other bisphenols by a Gram-negative aerobic bacterium. Appl Environ Microbiol 58 1823-1831. 

Yu P, T Welander (1995) Growth of an aerobic bacterium with trichloroacetic acid as the sole source of energy and carbon. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 42 769-774. 

Visscher PT, BF Taylor (1994) Demethylation of dimethylsulfoniopropionate to 3-mercaptopropionatre by an aerobic bacterium. Appl Environ Microbiol 60 4617-4619. 

Sublette [285] describes a process for desulfurizing sour natural gas using another commonly known chemolithotrophic microorganism, the aerobic bacterium T. denitrifi-cans. This patent describes a process wherein bacteria of the Thiobacillus genus convert sulfides to sulfates under aerobic conditions. Sublette defined the ideal characteristics of a suitable microorganism for the oxidative H2S removal from gaseous streams as ... 

Another source of rubredoxins was found in an aerobic bacterium, Pseudomonas oleovorans, utilizing n-hexane as a carbon source (10). This particular rubredoxin differs from those commonly found in anaerobic bacteria in some of its properties it has a molecular weight of 19,000, and one iron form of the protein is readily converted to a two-iron form (11). The rubredoxin of P. oleovorans functions as a terminal electron transfer component in an enzyme system which participates in the ( -hydroxylation of fatty acids and hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbon-oxidizing... 

Figure 11. Specific excision of the sulfur atom from dibenzothiophene by an aerobic bacterium. (I) 2,2-dihydroxybiphenyl.

Mitochondrial DNA is a relic of ancient history. It is a legacy from a single aerobic bacterium that took up residence in the cytoplasm of a primitive cell... 

Four electron carriers (A, B, C, and D) are required in the electron transport system of a recently discovered aerobic bacterium. You find that in the presence of substrate and 02, four inhibitors (I, II, III, and IV) block respiration at four different sites. From differential spectrophotometry of the electron carriers, you find that these inhibitors yield the patterns of oxidation state of the carriers shown below. What... 

Subsequently, a manganese-containing catalase has been isolated from the aerobic bacterium Thermoleophilum album (162). The enzyme is 141 kDa and is composed of four subunits of 34 kDa. There were 1.4 + 0.4 atoms of manganese present per subunit. The enzyme could be inhibited by NH2OH but only weakly inhibited by cyanide or azide. The enzyme was colorless at concentrations of 0.7 mg/ml. 

Maurice P. A., Vierkom M. A., Hersman L. E., and Fulghum J. E. (2001a) Dissolution of well and poorly ordered kaolinites by an aerobic bacterium. Chem. Geol. 180, 81-97. 

Reductive TCA cycle in an aerobic bacterium, Hydrogenobacter thermophilus strain TK-6... 

Wakao N, Yokoi N, Isoyama N, Hiraishi A, Shimada K, Kobayashi M, Kise H, Iwaki M, Itoh S, Takaichi S, Sakurai Y (1996) Discovery of natural photosynthesis using Zn-containing bacte-riochlorophyll in aerobic bacterium Acidiphilum rubrum. Plant Cell Physiol 37 889-893 Warren MJ, Bolt E, Woodcock SC (1994) 5-Aminolaevulinic acid synthase and uroporphyrinogen methylase two control enzymes of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis and modification. In Biosynthesis of the tetrapyrrole pigments (Ciba foundation symposium 180). Wiley, Chichester, pp 26—40... 

A rubredoxin-type protein of about 19,000 dalton, which binds up to two iron atoms per molecule (237, 238), has been found as a component of the co-hydroxylation system of the aerobic bacterium Pseudomonas oleo-vorans (213, 214). Its primary structure suggests two sequences homologous with that of rubredoxin from anaerobic bacteria (Fig. 11) (239). On this basis the authors have speculated on the possibility of an evolutionary divergence from a common ancestor for all these organisms so that the heavier type rubredoxin may have resulted by gene duplication. In the process, the specificity of the enzyme was so affected that 1-Fe rubredoxins cannot substitute for the 2-Fe protein in the co-hydroxylation reaction. 

Exotoxin A produced by the aerobic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa (128) possesses the same catalytic activity as diphtheria toxin (120, 129), including ADP-ribosylation of EF-2 on the same site (115). The reaction is reversible because ADP-ribosylated EF-2 produced by exotoxin A can be deribosylated (functional activity restored) by incubating with excess nicotinamide and either excess exotoxin A or subunit A of diphtheria toxin. NAD+ was identified as the sole product of this reverse reaction (115). These results also establish that the configuration and site of ADP-ribosylation catalyzed by exotoxin A are identical to those of diphtheria toxin. 

The objective of this work was to study the demethylation of WEAX ester-linked ferulic acid in order to produce caffeic acid ester-linked onto WEAX, possibly oxidable into quinone and able to link an amino acid of a protein in a second step. To our knowledge, if free ferulic acid can be O-demethylated intact by some microorganisms,10 16 no microbial O-demethylation of linked methoxylated compounds has been reported in the literature. Three anaerobic bacteria (Acetobacterium woodi, Clostridium methoxybenzovorans and Eubac-terium callanderi) and one facultative aerobic bacterium (Enterobacter cloacae) have been chosen in different phylogenetic groups for their ability to O-demethylate free ferulic acid.10-13... 

Blank, L.M., and Rosenbaum, MA. (2015) Engineering mediator-based electroactivity in the obligate aerobic bacterium Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Front Microbiol, 6, 284. 

By bacterial manipulation, what is meant is that certain bacteria are used to slow down corrosion. For example, it has been reported " that carbon steel corrosion in presence of the biofihn of aerobic bacterium Pseudomonas fragi or the facultative anaerobe Escherichia coli had been slowed down by 2-fold to 10-fold. Another example is a biofilm-producing baclerinm, identified as Bacillus sp., that was able to reduce corrosion rates of mild steel by establishment of antimicrobial agent-producing biofllm, which inhibited the activity of SRB. 

XAS has also contributed substantially to our understanding of other members of this family, and in particular the novel carbon monoxide dehydrogenases. The first of these to be characterized was from the aerobic bacterium Oligotropha carboxidovorans. The enzyme catalyzes the reaction ... 

It is postulated that the inner membrane and its contents are derived from an ancient aerobic bacterium that invaded a primitive cell during the early stages of evolution and is an example of endosymbiosis. A relic from the past is that the mitochondrion has its own DMA (mtDNA) encoding 37 genes. Of these, 24 are needed for mtDNA translation and the rest encode proteins of the respiratory chain. Notably only 13 of the more than 85 proteins composing the mitochondrial respiratory chain are encoded in mtDNA. The others are encoded by the nuclear DNA and imported from the cytoplasm. 

This photosynthetic organism, when grown aerobically in the dark on a malate-glutamate growth medium, forms heme and has the metabolism of an aerobic bacterium. When grown in the light in the absence or at low concentrations of O2, the bacterium begins to make BCHL... 

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