Adverse event susceptibility

Of 431 consecutive patients taking topiramate, 31 (7.2%) developed word-finding difficulties (642). This adverse event was not associated with a rapid titration schedule, but it correlated with the presence of simple partial seizures and left temporal epileptiform activity on the electroencephalogram, suggesting that there is a subgroup of patients with a specific susceptibility. 

Differences in metabolism among patients can lead to differences in susceptibility to adverse events. Classic examples are patients with... 

Susceptibility factors Age The effects of chloral hydrate have been studied in an observational study in 1903 infants and young children, 568 of whom were no more than 6 months old, by measuring auditory brainstem responses [22 ]. The sedation rate with a single dose of chloral hydrate 40 mg/kg of 8% was 100% in those under 6 months old, but 28% of the older children needed an additional dose. Adverse events included hyperactivity in 152 children (8%), minor respiratory distress in 10 (0.4%), vomiting in 217 (11.4%), apnea in 4 (0.2%), and a rash in 10 (0.4%). 

Susceptibility factors Sex In 202 epileptic patients who had taken levetiracetam for at least 6 months adverse events occurred significantly more often in women than in men (31% versus 13%) nearly 30% of women with adverse events complained of more than one, while this was never the case in the men [217 ]. 

Psychological and psychiatric The incidences of psychiatric and cognitive adverse events leading to withdrawal of zonisamide and the associated susceptibility factors have been retrospectively studied in 544 consecutive patients [372 ]. These adverse reactions were the most frequently identified reason for terminating zonisamide therapy. The... 

Susceptibility factors Age Fentanyl 2 micrograms/kg in children aged 3-18 years for analgesia following orthopedic trauma was effective within 10 minutes of administration and was not associated with adverse events [91 ]. 

Systematic reviews The place of suxamethonium in pediatric practice has been reviewed [T], It can cause significant adverse reactions, some of which can be life-threatening. This is particularly relevant in pediatric anesthesia because the spectrum of childhood diseases may expose susceptible individuals to an increased chance of adverse events compared with adults. The authors suggested that the rapidity of onset and offset of suxamethonium encourages its use by practitioners with only occasional experience of pediatric anesthesia. 

Susceptibility Age A range of adverse reactions were reported in 304 children (aged 4-16 years) who took epierenone for hypertension [23 ]. They were randomized to 25 mg/day, 25 mg bd, or 50 mg bd and were then re-randomized to active therapy or placebo for another 4 weeks. Adverse events were mostly mild and involved predominantly minor common childhood illnesses, of which 18 were considered severe. For example, severe adverse events in four patients (migraine, fatigue, bronchitis, and headache) were considered by the investigators to be possibly or definitely related to epierenone. Four patients... 

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