Advanced stop lines

Transport for London Behaviour at cycle advanced stop lines, March 2006... 

In the context of rising numbers of cyclists across London it was not possible to draw any conclusions about the effect of advanced stop lines on cyclist safety. 

Report suggests wider lanes, advance stop lines, cycle bypasses, speed controls and area and weight restrictions would all help to cut casualties. 

Advanced stop lines (ASLs) can significantly improve safety for cyclists at signal-controlled junctions. 

Traffic Engineering and Control (February 1993). Advanced stop-lines for cyclists. National Cycling Strategy, DETR... 

I lack of cycle facilities at junctions (e.g. no advanced stop lines at traffic signals) ... 

Retting, R. A. and R. Van Houten (2000). Safety benefits of advance stop lines at signalized intersections results of a field evaluation. ITEJ, 70, 47-54. 

Traffic management measures can have a dual purpose facilitating PTW traffic and increasing safety. Further research is needed on the safety impact of measures such as advanced stop lines and traffic filtering. When implementing any new measure in favor of PTW mobility, caution must be paid that no new risk is induced for themselves or for any other road users. 

Signalling roundabouts can improve safety for cyclists but there can be problems with high speed, multiple lanes and high-traffic volumes. Shared fadhties should be considered along with advanced stop lines. 

Advanced stop lines (ASLs) at traffic signals show little safety benefit, although research is limited. ASLs may be applicable where there are heavy flows of rightturning cyclists. 

Dynamic advancing and receding contact angles can be measured by moving the plate up or down. It may be possible to choose a rate in a range such that the position of the line of contact is essentially independent of rate, about I mm/min or less. The motion can. of course, be stopped and the angle measured after a specified time. 

Detection schemes will also continue to evolve. While NMR is covered in another chapter in this volume, advances in NMR used as an LC detector have also been reported (25-28) that may eventually increase the utility of this tool for combinatorial chemistry. Used in both stopped flow and on line modes, LC/NMR can be extremely useful for structure elucidation provided the proper mobile phases or solvent suppression techniques are used (27). 

The direct coupling of HPLC with NMR spectroscopy has waited for a number of technological developments to make it a feasible routine technique. Since then, major advances have made the routine use of on-line NMR detection of HPLC fractions a useful adjunct to the armoury of analytical methods. " Experiments can be carried out in one of three modes, direct on-line NMR detection of the HPLC eluent (on-flow), a stopped-flow approach or finally the eluted fractions can be stored in capillary tubes for later recall for detailed NMR spectroscopic studies. No compromise needs to be made in the chromatographic conditions, and programmed gradient elution profiles can be accommodated. The extension of the method to nanolitre scale separations has also been discussed. ... 

A sample run is shown in Fig. 10 where the formation and the rupture of meniscus around the carbon fiber is indicated. The stage motion is stopped at A after advancing and at B the stage is lowered for a receding contact line. In this case there is no hysteresis. The increase in force before rupture is the end effect where the liquid is suspended at the edge and the force goes through a maximum. 

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