Advanced passive reactor

Nuclear Reactors. Nuclear power faciUties account for about 20% of the power generated in the United States. Although no new plants are plaimed in the United States, many other countries, particularly those that would otherwise rely heavily on imported fuel, continue to increase their nuclear plant generation capacity. Many industry observers predict that nuclear power may become more attractive in future years as the price of fossil fuels continues to rise and environmental regulations become more stringent. In addition, advanced passive-safety reactor designs may help allay concerns over potential safety issues. 

The development of the Advanced Passive 6(K) MWe reactor began in 1985 with the EPRI Small Plant Study, and continued under DOE support to result in an NRC certifiable design by the end of 1994 (McIntyre,... 

The Advanced Pressurized Reactor AP-600 (Westinghouse) final design certification by NRC is expected for 1998. A larger unit of an advanced PWR, the System 80+, with 1300 MW(e) is being developed by ABB/Construction Eng. [86]. These designs with enhanced passive safety features are pursued in the USA to provide additional electricity and replace retired plants. 

Theofanous, T.G. and Corradini, M.L. (1995) The containment of severe accidents in the Advanced Passive Light Water Reactors , ANPA, March. 

A system of the CRS type was adopted for a German-designed PWR and, ten years later, by Westinghouse for its advanced passive safety reactor AP 600. 

W. Dazhong, Z. Wenxiang, Nuclear Heating Reactor, an Advanced and Passive Reactor, proceedings of the 9th Pacific Basin Nuclear Conference, Sydney, Australia, 1994 May 01-06. 

The operational and safety performance of the advanced marine reactor MRX, which is based on the features such as an integral type PWR, a water filled containment vessel and a passive decay heat removal system, depends strongly on the characteristics of the hydrothermal dynamics. JAERI has a plan to study experimentally the hydrothermal characteristics of MRX under oscillating conditions by setting a synthetic hydrothermal dynamics test facility (SHTF) on board. This facility uses electric heaters and a core characteristics simulator instead of nuclear fuel. 

AMATO S., ORAZI A. - "Advanced Safety Features in Conception of New Passive Reactors the Inherently Safe Immersed System (ISIS) Reactor" - IAEA Technical Committee Meeting on Thermohydraulic of Cooling Systems in Advanced Water cooled Reactors, Villigen, Switzerland, 25-28 May 1993. 

WEC, UKP-GW-GL-012, Rev. 0, Generic Design Assessment Summary of Disposability Assessment for Wastes and Spent Fuel arising from Operation of the Westinghouse Advanced Passive Pressiuised Water Reactor (APIOOO), September 2009. 

Rapsodie and EBR-II are respectively MOX-fiieled loop-type, and metal-fueled pool-type, reactors. Thus these dramatic transient experiments have shown that advanced fast reactors can be designed with passive safety properties. 

Shin, Y.H., et al., 2015. Advanced passive design of small modular reactor cooled by heavy liquid metal natural circulation. Progress in Nuclear Energy 83, 433—442. 

Among the ANPA initiatives in the Held of severe accidents it must be mentioned that a study was carried out, on behalf of ANPA, by Professors Corradini and Theofanous, on the Containment of Severe Accidents in Advanced Passive Light Water Reactors. The results of the study have been distributed to other international experts in order to reach a consensus as large as possible in this field. 

In an application, the proposed advanced passive boiling water reactor design, simplified boiling water reactor (SBWR), utilises as a main component of the passive containment... 

Forsberg, C. W., D. L. Moses, E. B. Lewis, R. Gibson, R. Pearson, W. J. Reich, G. A. Murphy, R. H. Staunton, and W. E. Kohn (1989). Proposed and Existing Passive and Inherent Safety-Related Structures, Systems, and Components (Building Blocks) for Advanced Light Water Reactors. Oak Ridge, TN Oak Ridge National Laboratory. 

Forsberg, C. W., and Weinberg, A. (1990). Advanced Reactors, Passive Safety, and Acceptance of Nuclear Energy. Annual Review of Energy 1 h 1.33-1. S2. 

Significant advances have also been made in reactor safety. Earlier reactors rely on a series of active measures, such as water pumps, that come into play to keep the reactor core cool in the event of an accident. A major drawback is that these safety devices are subject to failure, thereby requiring backups and, in some cases, backups to the backups The Generation IV reactor designs provide for what is called passive stability, in which natural processes, such as evaporation, are used to keep the reactor core cool. Furthermore, the core has a negative temperature coefficient, which means the reactor shuts itself down as its temperature rises owing to a number of physical effects, such as any swelling of the control rods. 

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