Oxides adhesion-promoting

Cobalt and nickel oxides are necessary for a good adhesion between steel and enamel. These adhesion-promoting oxides are indispensable, particularly in the case of non-pickled objects which have only been degreased. 

Ground coat enamel contains cobalt and nickel oxide,s as adhesion-promoting oxides (good adhesion to the substrate)... 

Silane-Based Adhesion Promotion (Oxide Alternative Treatments). The silane-based process is an alternative to the copper oxide process. Silane can be used to bond epoxy to other materials. One end of the silane molecule bonds to the epoxy. If the other end of the molecule is modified to bond to the secondary material, the silane can serve as a bridge, greatly enhancing adhesion. It is commonly used in this mode to enhance the adhesion of epoxy to glass. It can be also used to enhance the adhesion of epoxy to copper. 

The moisture-curable prepolymers are made by compounding moisture-curable alkoxylane functional polyether urethane prepolymers with rheological modifiers, adhesion promoters, oxidative stabilisers, plasticisers, and cure catalysts. Stuart [43] described the preparation and processing of sealants from silylated polyether urethane prepolymers (refer also to Section 3.3.4.3) prepared from endcap precursors containing dialkyl maleates. ... 

After the cleaning process, other techniques are used to prepare the surface of the substrate for coating. Some techniques include drying, surface etching, and chemical surface preparation. Examples of chemical surface preparation include the formation of an oxide layer or the monolayer assembly of an adhesion promoter on the surface. These processes modify the surface of the substrates so as to facilitate the subsequent deposition process. In surface preparation, frequently, the hydrophilic/hydrophobic character of the surface is controlled to match the coating solution properties. For example, Van Driessche et al.19 reported on improving the wettability of Ni-4at%W tapes... 

It appears that both the Hitachi and DuPont polyimide films, when cured, significantly impede the drift of sodium ions at normal device operating temperatures. There is, however, evidence that underlying device oxides can be contaminated by sodium and/or moisture or other polar molecules during the application and curing of the polyimide films. Qeaner resins and adequate device stabilization may control this problem. Further work will be required to characterize contamination levels associated with specific aspects of the processing, such as the adhesion promoter and the polyimide resins themselves. 

The results of semi-quantitative charge spreading tests suggests that the lateral conductance of polyimide-field oxide interfaces can be sufficiently low to permit reliable device operation. This topic must be addressed in the context of the overall processing of the interface, including any adhesion promoters used. 

Figure 2. The proposed reaction of the bifunctional APS molecule when serving as an adhesion promoter or coupling agent for polyimide thin films on native-oxide ceramics such as silica and alumina.

Other classes of silanes, namely alkoxy, halogenated, and other silanes [3, 9], are known to react with —OH containing compounds, and, therefore, should also function as adhesion promoters or surface modifiers for —OH containing substrates. Texas Instruments, for example, employed a 2% xylene solution of phenyltrichlorosilane to provide resist image adhesion to various oxide wafer substrates [10]. References 3, 9, and 10 describe many of these materials applied to silicone dioxide substrates. As for HMDS treatment, ESCA evidence of reactions to verify covalent bonding to surface silanol groups will be provided in... 

L1. Printing inks. It is now fairly traditional to use titanium acetylacetonate and related species as adhesion promoters in flexographic and gravure printing inks for printing onto plastics such as polyolefins and polyesters which have previously been corona discharge-treated, to oxidize the surface [4]. Zirconium... 

Overall, there has not been a great deal of detailed published work on zirconium adhesion promoters or coupling agents. It is known that they will react with various metal, metal oxide, and oxidized plastic surfaces, and given a... 

Wetting agents Adhesion promoters Optical property modifiers Pigments Ionic and nonionic surfactants Silanes, titanates, block and graft copolymers Inorganic Ti, Fe, and Cr oxides, Cd, Ba, and Pb sulfides, sulfates, and chromates... 

Chrome complexes have been developed as adhesion promoters by the reaction of chromium chloride with methacrylic acid. The chromium oxide portion of the adhesion promoter reacts with a substrate while the methacrylic portion reacts with a free radical curing outer layer. Chrome-based adhesion promoters are commonly used as a primer for aluminum foil to increase the strength and durability of aluminum/polyethylene interfaces.26... 

This product must be purified from phosphorus before it can be used as an adhesion promoter for electronic devices. This is done by oxidising the phosphine to phosphine oxide with hydrogen peroxide or organic peroxides and by separating the products chromatographically. 

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