Modified pigments

The titanium dioxide pigment is surface treated with methylhy-dridosiloxanes. These have the formula 

---

The influence of mixed coupling on the properties of Cl Pigment Yellow 12 has been studied recently [12]. Carboxy- or sulpho- substituted derivatives of acetoacetanilide were evaluated as co-coupling components and analysis revealed that the state of the crystal and the particle size were changed and new diffraction peaks were observed. When these modified pigments were treated with a fatty amine such as stearylamine, the hydrocarbon chains enclosed the anionic groups in the co-coupler so that properties such as flowability, wettability and dispersibility in nonpolar solvents were greatly improved. 

Wetting agents Adhesion promoters Optical property modifiers Pigments Ionic and nonionic surfactants Silanes, titanates, block and graft copolymers Inorganic Ti, Fe, and Cr oxides, Cd, Ba, and Pb sulfides, sulfates, and chromates... 

Polyphenylsilsesquioxane varnishes are used as binding agents for heat-resistant, protective and decorative enamels. To increase low adhesion, which is characteristic of silicone varnishes, enamels are often supplemented with various organic modifiers, pigments and fillers used in the vamish-and-paint industry. 

Johnson JE, Bian N, Galloway CP. (2002) Modified pigments having improved dispersing properties, US6478863. 

Hartwich G, Scheer H, Aust V and Angerhofer A (1995) Absorption and ADMR studies on bacterial photosynthetic reaction centres with modified pigments. Biochim Biophys Acta 1230 97-113... 

Scripset . [Monsanto] Styrene maleic anhydride copolymer emulsifier, binder, sizing agent vise, modifier, stabilizer starch modifier pigment dispersant protective colloid, sizing, coating, watm -paint calsomines, ad ives, printing, paints. 

For some applications the formation of compact films can be substituted by dispersing polymer pigments in a polymer coating. Instead of pigments for purely conducting polymers, modified pigments have been developed that are based on a core-shell concept. ... 

Chem. Descrip. Polyethylene homopolymer wax CAS 9002-88-4 EINECS/ELINCS 200-815-3 Uses Processing lubricant melt index modifier pigment dispersant mold release aid external lubricant for PVC, color cones., polyolefin flow modifiers thickener for cosmetic and pharmaceutical gels solv.-based polishes, inks, paints, and lacquers food pkg. adhesives, coatings, paper/paperboard, cellophane, rubber articles, textiles, lubricants defoamer chewing gum base... 

Uses Processing lubricant melt index modifier pigment dispersant mold... 

Uses Flow aid, leveling agent, surf, modifier, pigment dispersant for aq. 

PEG-20 sorbitan tritallate PEG-300 stearate PEG-1500 stearate PVP/VA copolymer viscosity modifier, pigment dispersions PVP/VA copolymer viscosity modifier, plastics Vegetable oil... 

Chakvattanatham, K., Phattanarudee, S., Kiatkamjomwong, S., 2010. Anionically surface-modified pigment/binder ink jet inks for silk fabric printing. Pigm. Resin Technol. 39 (6), 327-341. Available at http //www.emeraldinsight.eom/10.1108/03699421011085821 (accessed 18.08.12). 

Epoxy resins are normally used in what is called an epoxy-resin system. This system consists of the epoxy resin and a hardener, and reactive diluent or other additives, such as fillers, modifiers, pigments and reinforcements. 

Teuchner K, Stiel H, Leupold D, Scherz A, Noy D, Simonin I, Hartwich G, and Scheer H. Fluorescence and excited state absorption in modified pigments of bacterial photosynthesis - A comparative study of metal-substituted bacteriochlorophylls a. J. Luminesc. 1997 72-4 612-614. 

For these purposes, the formulation has to be optimised to achieve the desirable property. This is achieved by using surfactants and polymers as well as using modified pigments (by surface treatment). The particle size and shape of the pigments should also be optimised for proper skin feel and adhesion. 

---