Fungicide additive

Zweig, G. ed. Analytical Methods for Pesticides and Plant Growth Regulators. New York Academic Press. (This was a multi-volume series appearing between 1973 and 1989 that contains analytical methods for the analysis of food and food additives, fungicides, herbicides, nemati-cides, pheromones, rodenticides, and soil fumigants.)... 

The pyridine compounds used as plant growth regulators include 1 //-pyrrolo[2,3b]pyridinc-3-acetic acid 69 <2004BPC247> and 2-amino-5[(2-chloropyrid)-4-yl]-l,3,4-thiadiazole 70 <2002YH795>, with the latter compound having additional fungicidal activity. 

Use Herbicide, nematocide, preservative for adhesives and proteinaceous additives, fungicide. 

Use Synthesis, especially of methionine, jet fuel additives, fungicides also as catalyst. 

Products and Uses Various uses include solvent-type products in detergents, emulsifiers, stain removers, oil additives, fungicides, and preservatives for plastics and rubbers. 

Miscellaneous, New, and Developmental Antimicrobial Agents. Table 11 shows some of the antimicrobials that do not neady fit into the principal families. Acrolein (qv) is a unique chemical used for secondary oil recovery (43). Biobor has become the antimicrobial addition of choice for aviation fuels (44). Cbloropbtbalonil (tetrachloroisophthalnitrile [1897-45-6]) is a significant agricultural fungicide, in addition to being one of the most important latex paint film preservatives (producer, ISK). 

In addition to conventional pesticides such as insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides, there are other chemicals classified as pesticides and regulated under FIFRA. These chemicals include wood preservatives, disinfectants (excluding chlorine), and sulfur. In the United States these chemicals have aimual usage of about 500,000 t, which is equal to conventional pesticides. 

Trichloromethanesulfenyl chloride has also been used for the preparation of lubricant additives (see Lubrication and lubricants). Some higher homologues and analogues of trichloromethanesulfenyl chloride have been reported, ie, trichlorovinylsulfenyl chloride [19411-15-5] 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethanesulfenyl chloride [1185-09-7] 1,2,2,2-tetrachloroethanesulfenyl chloride [920-62-7] and pentachloroethanesulfenyl chloride [5940-94-3] (70—74). A commercial fungicide, Captafol [2425-06-17, is the reaction product of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethanesulfenyl chloride with tetrahydrophthalimide (75). 

Herbicides. An array of herbicides are registered for use in aquatic sites, but copper sulfate and diquat dibromide are of additional interest because they also have therapeutic properties (9,10). Copper sulfate has been used to control bacteria, fungi, and certain parasites, including Jchthjophthirius (ich). Diquat dibromide can control columnaris disease, but it also exhibits fungicidal properties (9,10). EPA recentiy proposed to limit the amount of diquat dibromide, endothaH, glyphosate, and simazine that can be present in drinking water therefore, the use of these compounds may be reduced if they cannot be removed from the effluent. 

Arsonic and arsinic acids have found a number of industrial uses. They have been used as corrosion inhibitors for iron and steel, additives to motor fuel, agricultural bactericides, herbicides, and fungicides. 3-Nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid (roxarsone) [121 -19-7] C H AsNOg, has found widespread use as an additive to poultry feed for the control of coccidiosis and other poultry diseases (122,123). Arsanilic acid [98-50-0] C HgAsNO, has also been used for this purpose (124) and for growth promotion in swine. It is manufactured and suppHed by Duphar Nutrition Co., Inc., Fleming Laboratories, Inc., Dr. Mayfield Laboratories, Inc., and Whitmoyer Laboratories, Inc. 4-Nitrophenylarsonic acid [98-72-6] C H AsNO and... 

Copper has been employed as a bactericide, moUuscicide, and fungicide for a long time and is of importance in the control of schistosomiasis (see also Antiparasitic AGENTS, ANTHELMINTICS FUNGICIDES, AGRICULTURAL). Addition of copper to lake water acts as an efficient deterrent to transmittal of the disease by eliminating snails that act as hosts for the responsible parasite. Copper is commonly utilized at ca 0.1 mg/L as an algicide. In fresh water, acute toxicosis in fish is unusual if the copper concentration is below 0.025 mg/L (70) (see Poisons, economic). 

ECPA is the pan-European voice of the crop protection industry. The membership includes both national associations and companies throughout Europe, including Centrol and Eastern Europe. In addition to traditional crop protection products such as herbicides, fungicides and insecticides, our members also provide biopesticides and genetically modified crops. 

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