Additional Measures Concerning the

Member States monitor the compliance of foodstuffs with these MRLs regularly. Inspections and monitoring should be carried out in accordance with the provisions of Council Directive 89/397/EEC on the official control of foodstuffs, and Council Directive 93/99/EC on additional measures concerning the official control of foodstuffs. 

Following that, in September 1990, the Commission produced a Report which recommended establishing Community quality standards for all laboratories involved in inspections and sampling under the OCF Directive. Proposals on this have now been adopted by the Community in the Directive on Additional Measures Concerning the Food Control of Foodstuffs (AMFC)2 In Article 3 of the AMFC Directive it states ... 

EUROPEAN UNION, Council Directive 93/99/EEC on the Subject of Additional Measures Concerning the Official Control of Foodstuffs, O.J. L290 of 24.11.1993. 

The half-hves, y-ray energies, and y-ray emission probabiUties given ia Table 15 are what is needed if the amount of a radioisotope present ia a sample is to be measured. However, there are other uses of radionucHdes where additional data concerning the decay are needed. If a radionucHde is to be iajected or implanted in vivo it is necessary to have data on all of the radiations produced to be able to assess the impact on the ceU stmcture. Table 16 gives samples of the data that can be useful ia this latter case. Such information can be obtained from some of the references above. There are also computer codes that can use the decay data from the ENSDF database to produce this type of information for any radionucHde, eg, RAD LIST (21). 

The guidelines presented are simplified and may not be sufficient for all applications. This does not mean that an axial cannot be used, because the vendors can perform a much more complex analysis and change factors that this simplified method chose to hold constant. Undoing some of these values is probably beyond the scope of most of the users. The best way to interpret a potential application is that an extra measure of care might be exercised when going out for bid. This can generate additional questions concerning the vendor s proposal. 

However, measurements of substituent effects supported the hypothesis that the aryl cation is a key intermediate in dediazoniations, provided that they were interpreted in an appropriate way (Zollinger, 1973a Ehrenson et al., 1973 Swain et al., 1975 a). We will first consider the activation energy and then discuss the influence of substituents, as well as additional data concerning the aryl cation as a metastable intermediate (kinetic isotope effects, influence of water acitivity in hydroxy-de-di-azoniations). Finally, the cases of dediazoniation in which the rate of reaction is first-order with regard to the concentration of the nucleophile will be critically evaluated. 

Ordinarily, the measurements are made over a frequency range from 20 Hz to 50 kHz. Certain difficulties arise in measurements extended over wider ranges of frequency. However, methods suitable for measurements at very low frequencies, down to 1 mHz, have recently been developed that can be used to obtain additional information concerning the properties of electrochemical systems. 

Several additional conclusions concerning the nature of the chemisorbed layer can be drawn from the Hall effect measurements (33, 34) The chemisorbed species, together with the surface metal atoms, represent complexes analogical to the ordinary chemical compounds and, consequently, one might expect that the metal atoms involved in these complexes will contribute to lesser extent or not at all to the bulk properties of the metal. Then we should speak about the demetallized surface layer (41). When the Hall voltage was measured as a function of the evaporated film thickness... 

Additional information concerning the fast electron distribution can be obtained in such experiments by direct measurement of forward escaping electrons using a calibrated stack of radiochromic films [52] that can provide information of the angular and energy distribution of fast electrons. These measurements were performed in the same experiment described above [31] and the summary of those measurements is reported in Fig. 7.10 and reveal a distribution that is consistent with a relativistic Maxwellian distribution with a characteristic temperature of 160keV. 

The given inequalities are no longer satisfied and additional measures are required. To trigger an event (excess over design limits), at least two failures are necessary. Consequently the causal chain detailed under II a) and II b) must be interrupted by one measure in each case. These measures must be effective independently of one another. The same applies in respect of the measures concerning the failure mode which leads to a reduction in the solvent quantity D. 

Information concerning the symmetry of the electric field at the metal nucleus can be found from this latter parameter, AEq, which can also be measured directly by nuclear quadrupole resonance techniques. Additional information concerning the symmetry of the ligand around the metal can be deduced from x-ray, infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance data. 

Velocity and angular distribution measurements of the product ions from collision-induced dissociation have provided additional information concerning the mechanisms of these processes and the nature of the reactant and product states involved.380 62,208 213"218 The experimental results obtained at relatively high incident-ion energies are generally... 

The physical property of primary concern in photochromic systems is the marked color change resulting from a major electronic rearrangement. Simultaneously with this color change, the other physical properties of the system are also altered to the extent of conversion to a new chemical species. In many cases, additional measurements aid the identification of the altered chemical species or in determining the mechanism for the photochromic activity. Occasionally, the reversible photochemi-... 

At present the use of activity measurements to quantitate plasma, serum, or urinary levels of the GST are inadequate. With CDNB it is difficult to obtain sufficient sensitivity to allow the measurement of the levels in normal subjects (A4). In addition many drugs and endogenous substances may inhibit the activity to values that lie within the reference range. For example bile salts and bilirubin inhibit GST activity (H17) and since both of these nonsubstrate ligands are increased in liver disease their accumulation in plasma could theoretically suppress GST activity to within the reference range. An important problem with GST activity measurements concerns the ubiquitous nature of the GST since poor organ specificity will result unless specific isoenzymes are measured. For example, platelets, erythrocytes, and white cells contain high levels of the isoenzyme and these cells may release their GST into plasma prior to separation of the blood sample (G4, H52, L12, M8, Rll, S43). With the substrates that are available to date, the activity measurements are inadequate for clinical use. 

Subsequently, the UK Treasury Department (2004) recommended a risk classification that includes hazard characteristics, the traditional risk assessment variables such as probability and extent of harm, indicators on public perception, and the assessment of social concerns. In addition to the aforementioned eight criteria, the Department made an extra effort to define criteria for measuring concern. The list of concerns includes ... 

Additional information concerning the structures of the transition states for the reactions of Scheme 2 should be provided by intramolecular measurements on the structural isomerization, particularly including studies which will indicate the degree of new —H bond formation, as well as on the degree of H—bond rupture in the transition state. 

For additional information concerning the physiological effects, exposure limits, safety and first aid measures see the monograph on chlorine in Part II. 

In addition to the ESR studies involving the non S-state ions, there have also been many experiments and measurements concerning the S-state ions Gd and Eu " in the ethylsulfates. As outlined briefly in section 3.2.5, the theoretical understanding of the origin of the CEF hamiltonian is much more complex. In addition, the CEF and Zeeman hamiltonians are of about equal significance, so that the experimental parametrization of the observed spectra becomes considerably more involved. Even though the g-tensor is isotropic or very close to isotropic, four crystal field parameters are required in C31, symmetry. 

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