Adamantine solids

Taken together, these three structures (cubic diamond, zinc blende, and wurtzite) encompass the majority of the common semiconductor materials in use today. These structures, which share the common feature of having an average of four valence electrons per atom, are called adamantine solids. 

This section draws attention to some of the common structure types adopted by semiconductors. The diamond-type network (often referred to an adamantine solid structure) is adopted by Si and Ge the addition of dopants occurs without structural change. Related to this network is the zinc blende lattice and among compounds adopting this structure are GaAs, InAs, GaP, ZnSe, ZnTe, CdS, CdSe,... 

There are hundreds of semiconductor materials, but silicon alone accounts for tire overwhelming majority of tire applications world-wide today. The families of semiconductor materials include tetraliedrally coordinated and mostly covalent solids such as group IV elemental semiconductors and III-V, II-VI and I-VII compounds, and tlieir ternary and quaternary alloys, as well as more exotic materials such as tire adamantine, non-adamantine and organic semiconductors. Only tire key features of some of tliese materials will be mentioned here. For a more complete description, tire reader is referred to specialized publications [6, 7, 8 and 9]. 

The only example of a twisted cuboctahedron was reported by Kimura and coworkers [159]. Cuboctahedron 63 was obtained by the 4 4 self-assembly of fris(Znn-cyclen) complex 61 with trianionic trithiocyanurate (TCA3-, 62) upon guest encapsulation and was characterized both in the solid state and in solution (Fig. 33). Suitable guests are lipophilic organic molecules of matching size, such as, ([D4]-2,2,3,3)-3-(trimethylsilyl)propionic acid (TSP), 1-adamantanecarboxylic acid, 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP), adamantine (ADM), or the tetra-n-propylammonium (TPA) cation. 

Nucleic acid delivery was also studies by Park et al. using CD-based nanoparticles prepared from P-CD-modified poly(ethylenimine) (CD-PEI).The inclusion-forming capability of P-CD was used in order to immobilize the nanoparticles on solid surfaces (adamantine-modified self-assembled monolayers). CD-PEI nanoparticles were proposed as delivery systems onto solid surfaces to attain specific and high affinity loading. The interaction is schematized in Figure 4 [44],... 

Properties Red, scarlet, reddish-brown to blackish solid, streak scarlet luster adamantine to dull earthy when impure. D 8.10, Mohs hardness 2.5. Soluble in aqua regia. Has greater optical rotation than any other substance (+325 degrees). 

Properties Ruby-red, orange-red, brown, yellow solid resinous to adamantine luster. Mohs hardness 3, d 6.7-7.1. Soluble in strong nitric acid. 

Solid hydrophobic substances are represented mostly by high molecular organic substances. They include such organic substance decomposition products as peat, humus, sapropel, and also asphalt-resinous substances and their derivatives, which along with solid hydrocarbons (octadecane, naphthalene, biphenyl, phenantrene, perylene, adamantine, etc.) compose bitumens. 

Garroway, A.N. 1977. Homogeneous and inhomogeneous nuclear spin echoes in organic solids Adamantine. J. Magn. Reson. 28 365-371. 

Figure 19.14 C-solid state NMR spectrum of adamantine sodium sulfite (our work).

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