Anionic surfactants acute toxicity

The acute toxicity of ester sulfonates is mainly related to the length of the carbon chain of the fatty acid. The acute fish toxicity of tallow-based ester sulfonates is relatively high (LC0 = 0.4-0.9 mg/L) compared with coconut-based ester sulfonates (LC0 — 46 mg/L) [113]. In spite of this relatively high fish toxicity of the long-chain ester sulfonates both acute and long-term toxic effects can be excluded for normal environmental conditions. For example, the sum of all anionic surfactants in German rivers is stable on a level far below... 

In general, existing information is related to single species and acute toxicity these types of tests form the basis for the derivation of safe concentrations for a given chemical in the environment, according to EC regulation [6]. The data for surfactants other than anionic... 

River pollution from anionic surfactants, the primarily toxic ones, is of two types (a) acute toxic pollution due to, for example, an accidental spill from a container of full-strength surfactant products, and (b) chronic pollution due to the daily discharges of municipal and industrial wastewaters. The international literature contains the result of numerous studies that have established dosages for both types of pollutional toxicity due to detergents, for most types of aquatic life such as species of fish. 

There are no published reports of the chronic toxicity of C12AS to fish. Considering the comparable acute toxicity to fish and invertebrates of C12AS and the other anionic surfactants reported here, fish chronic toxicity values for C12AS are predicted to be similar to those reported for invertebrates. 

AES. The acute and chronic toxicity of AES has not been investigated as thoroughly as the toxicities of other anionic surfactants. However, sufficient data are available to provide a preliminary assessment of the potential hazard to aquatic life (Table VI). 

Kikuchi, M. Wakabayashi, M. Nakamura, T. Inoue, W. Takahashi, K. Ka-wana, T. Kawahara, H. Koido, Y. A Study of Detergents. II. Acute Toxicity of Anionic Surfactants on Aquatic Organisms. Annu. Rep. Tokyo Metrop. Res. Inst. Environ. Prot. Engl. Transl. 1976, 57-69. 

Seen as a whole, there are many data available on the aquatic toxicity of anionic surfactants, mainly for acute... 

Most fluorinated surfactants have been tested as commercial products containing a solvent. Toxicity data for pure, well-characterized fluorinated surfactants are scarce. The acute oral toxicities of solvent-free fluorinated surfactants are listed with those of hydrocarbon surfactants in Table 10.3. The acute oral toxicity of the nonionic fluorinated surfactants listed is low and comparable to that of their hydrocarbon analogs. However, the data suggest that anionic surfactants when ingested more toxic than their hydrocarbon counterparts. The tox-... 

Features Compat. with anionic and nonionic surfactants Properties Pale yel. liq. sol. in ethanol, xylene, perchloroethylene, water insol. in min. oil, kerosene sp.gr. 1.13 (68 F) dens, 9,4 Ib/gal (68 F) acid no, 129 (pH 5,5), 248 (pH 9,5) pour pt, < 10 F flash pt, (PMCC) > 250 F pH 2-3 (1% aq,) surf, tens, 30,7 dynes/cm (0,05% aq,) 1% max, moisture Toxicology Nonhazardous acidic low acute oral and skin penetration toxicity Precaution Incompat, with cone, oxidizing or reducing agents as mixts, of these compds, with org, compds, form a potentially explosive mixt,... 

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