Active hydrogen compounds alkylation

Enol Ethers and Esters 0-15 O-Alkylation of carbonyl compounds with diazo alkanes 0-17 Transetherification 0-20 Reaction between acyl halides and active hydrogen compounds 0-23 Transesterification 0-24 Acylation of vinylic halides 0-94 Alkylation with ortho esters 0-107 O-Acylation of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds... 

Alkylation of I -dike tones with allylic and benzylic alcohols. Allylic and benzylic alcohols can alkylate 1,3-dikcloncs and other active hydrogen compounds in the... 

Carboxylation of active hydrogen compounds Carbon dioxide, 65 of alkyl halides with loss of X (RX— RCOOH)... 

Alkylation of active hydrogen compounds. Japanese chemists4 have reported a few examples of intermolecular dehydration between alcohols and active hydrogen... 

Reaction with active-hydrogen compounds [1, 96, before references]. Hauser11 reports that n-butyllithium can afford dilithio salts from active-hydrogen compounds when use of potassium amide in liquid ammonia is ineffective. Thus acetanilide (1) reacts with n-butyllithium in THF or ether to form a dilithio derivative formulated as (2). This disalt on alkylation with benzyl chloride gives (3). 

Phase-transfer-catalyzed alkylation provides an excellent analytical approach for many polar active hydrogen compounds. The perceived advantages of the method for the trace analysis of polar CYA are the relative simplicity, the low detection limits, and the absence of interferences. Furthermore, the reaction conditions, although harsh, leave the molecule intact during the analysis, providing convenient identification by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). It was seen that the detection limits for CYA between MS-SIM and FTD differed by 2 orders of... 

This reaction was initially reported by Eisleb in 1941. It is the alkylation of compounds of active hydrogen with alkyl halide via the treatment of sodium amide. The compounds with active hydrogens include deoxybenzoin, diphenylmethane, phenylacetonitrile, fluorene, " benzyl phenyl sulfone, and 2-pyridyl acetonitrile. This reaction normally gives a satisfactory yield of introducing A/, A/ -dialkylamino alkyl group to compounds with an active proton. ... 

When Lewis acid complexes with active hydrogen compounds initiate the polymerizations, the complexes acts as protonic acids. On the other hand, etherates initiate by forming oxonium ions and may involve alkyl exchange reactions with the monomer ... 

Active hydrogen compounds such as alcohols, thiols, amides, urethans, and sulfonamides can be alkylated by N-vinyl-amides, -urethans, or -sulfonamides in high yields. A one-step conversion of ar. nitro compounds to isocyanates has been reported Aliphatic isothiocyanates can be prepared from amines and carbon disulfide with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide under remarkably mild conditions... 

A-Alkyl- and JV-aryl-bis(trifluoromethyl)ketenimines, (CFj)jC C NR, add active-hydrogen compounds such as primary amines across the C=C bond,... 

The salts of alkyl xanthates, A/,A/ -di-substituted dithio-carbamates and dialkyidithiophosphates [26] are effective peroxide decomposers. Since no active hydrogen is present in these compounds, an electron-transfer mechanism was suggested. The peroxide radical is capable of abstracting an electron from the electron-rich sulfur atom and is converted into a peroxy anion as illustrated below for zinc dialkyl dithiocarbamate [27] ... 

The imide nitrogen atom was also most reactive to a variety of electrophilic species (hydrogen halides, pseudohalogens, and alkyl halides) in the parent Rimidophosphazenes, R(C—NH)-N=PPh3. With t-butyl hypochlorite the /V-chloro-derivatives, R(C=NCl)-N=PPh3, were obtained. R/ -Vinyl-phenylphosphazenes have been prepared by condensation of aldehydes with active methylene compounds ... 

A variety of important synthetic reactions can he promoted by electrogenerated bases (EGB). The Michael addition and alkylation of compounds with activated hydrogen atoms are two examples in which using EGB has been very successful. The electrochemical method is very successful for functionalization of levoglucosenone as shown in Scheme 4.28.198... 

Aldehydes may participate in a condensation reaction with an amine compound and a substance containing a sufficiently-active hydrogen, yielding an alkylated derivative that effectively... 

A trialkyl- or triarylstannyl group can also be added to an aromatic ring. One way this can be accomplished is by treating an aromatic or heteroaromatic compound possessing an active hydrogen(s) with an alkyl lithium and then reacting the lithium salt with a trialkyltin halide (equation 97). Another general method that has been used to attach a trialkyl- or... 

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