Acrylic polymeric plasticizer

Polymaric plasticizars can ba mada by (1) Internal plasticization whoroby a monomor is copolymorizod with on which tends to yield soft polymers by itself (2) Mechanical mixing of a polymerizable monomer with a polymer, followed by polymerization (3) Mechanical blending of two compatible polymers. In many cases It Is necessary to combine the polymeric plasticizer with a liquid plasticizer because the compatibility of polymers with each other is generally limited. From the industrial polymeric plasticizers, especially polyesters of low degree of polymerization and several copolymers of butadiene with acrylonitrile, acrylic add esters and fumaric add esters were studied. These polymeric plasticizers are characterized by good compatibility and improved cold resistance of the final product. 

The application of polymeric plasticizers can be effected by mixing a preformed polymer mechanically with a polymerizable monomer containing the catalyst and subsequent polymerization. But side reactions, like grafting, must be expected. Generally, this method has not found wide application because the resulting products are likely to show poor mechanical properties. Besides, mixing the monomer on the rolls or in the extruder leads to losses by evaporation and causes unpleasant odors. Furthermore, some of the more important monomers, like the acrylates, show poor compatibility with many polymers. For instance, PVC is not sufficiently plasticizable with acrylates. 

MAJOR USES Manufacture of chemicals including acrylic fiber, plastics, rubber elastomers, plasticizers, solvents, polymeric materials, dyes, pharmaceuticals, insecticides and nylon formation of high impact resins such as styrene acrylonitrile and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. 

Uses Acrylic resin comonomer anaerobic adhesives and sealants printed circuit boards cosmetics artificial finger nails modifier for hard rubber rolls wire and cable coatings screen printing inks emulsion polymerization plastic modifier EB-curable coatings reactive diluent for hot-melt prepregs and adhesives... 

Properties M.w. 170.21 dens. 1.044 b.p. 52 C (0.4 mm) flash pt. 90 C ref. index 1.4580 Uses Acrylic resin comonomer anaerobic adhesives and sealants printed circuit boards cosmetics artificial finger nails modifier for hard rubber rolls wire and cable coatings screen printing inks emulsion polymerization plastic modifier EB-curable coatings reactive diluent for hot-melt prepregs and adhesives Manuf./Distrib. Aldrich http //www.sigma-aldrich.com, CPS Monomer-Polymer 8i Dajac Labs Polysciences... 

Trioctyl trimellitate (TOTM) n. (CgHiyO 0C)3C6H3. a primary plasticizer for vinyls that hold up well at high temperatures. It combines the permanence of polymeric plasticizers with the low-temperature properties of monomerics. In vinyls, it is used for auto interior parts and for wire insulation good for temperatures to 105°C. It is also used with cellulosics and acrylics. 

A typical gun-grade acrylic emulsion sealant (Table 15) contains about 18% acrylic polymer solids and 9-10% of a polymeric plasticizer. Sodium polymetaphosphate is a primary pigment dispersant aided by a water-soluble polyacrylate. A nonionic surfactant acts as a wetting agent and emulsifier. Often small amounts (up to 2%) of glycols are included for additional freeze-thaw stability. Mineral spirits (about 2%) retards skin formation. Acrylic emulsion caulks are used indoors as bathtub caulks, baseboard and trim seams, and outdoors for glazing, masonry joints, and roof and siding joints. 

The main plasticizers used are the classical plasticizers (i.e. phthalates such as DOP, DBP and DIDP). Adipates are also suitable as polymeric plasticizers, but are rarely used owing to price reasons and their somewhat lower compatibihty. A special polymeric plasticizer polypropylene glycol alkyl phenyl ether (Plastiht 3060) from BASF, has extremely good compatibihty with acrylate polymers and does not migrate. This product has now proven highly successfirl in a number of appHcations (including pressure sensitive adhesives, acryhc sealants and paints). 

Some other uses of acrylate and methacrylate interpolymers are as viscosity index improvers in lubricating oil, ion-exchange resins, textile additives, paper coating, thermosetting (baking) coatings, and polymeric plasticizers in PVC. (Cyanoacrylate adhesives were described in Section 13.4.)... 

Other Plastics Uses. The plasticizer range alcohols have a number of other uses in plastics hexanol and 2-ethylhexanol are used as part of the catalyst system in the polymerization of acrylates, ethylene, and propylene (55) the peroxydicarbonate of 2-ethylhexanol is utilized as a polymerization initiator for vinyl chloride various trialkyl phosphites find usage as heat and light stabHizers for plastics organotin derivatives are used as heat stabHizers for PVC octanol improves the compatibHity of calcium carbonate filler in various plastics 2-ethylhexanol is used to make expanded polystyrene beads (56) and acrylate esters serve as pressure sensitive adhesives. 

The Ts of methacryhc polymers may be regulated by the copolymerization of two or more monomers as illustrated in Figure 1. The approximate T value for the copolymer can be calculated from the weight fraction of each monomer type and the T (in K) of each homopolymer (15). Acrylates with low transition temperatures are frequently used as permanent plasticizers (qv) for methacrylates. Unlike plasticizer additives, once polymerized into the polymer chain, the acrylate cannot migrate, volatilize, or be extracted from the polymer. 

Acrylic Polymers. Although considerable information on the plasticization of acryUc resins is scattered throughout journal and patent hterature, the subject is compHcated by the fact that acryUc resins constitute a large family of polymers rather than a single polymeric species. An infinite variation in physical properties may be obtained through copolymerization of two or more acryUc monomers selected from the available esters of acryUc and methacryhc acid (30) (see Acrylic esterpolya rs Methacrylic acid and derivatives). 

Among the different pressure sensitive adhesives, acrylates are unique because they are one of the few materials that can be synthesized to be inherently tacky. Indeed, polyvinylethers, some amorphous polyolefins, and some ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers are the only other polymers that share this unique property. Because of the access to a wide range of commercial monomers, their relatively low cost, and their ease of polymerization, acrylates have become the dominant single component pressure sensitive adhesive materials used in the industry. Other PSAs, such as those based on natural rubber or synthetic block copolymers with rubbery midblock require compounding of the elastomer with low molecular weight additives such as tackifiers, oils, and/or plasticizers. The absence of these low molecular weight additives can have some desirable advantages, such as ... 

Group of plastics based on resins generated from the polymerization of acrylic monomers (e.g., ethyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate). 

Acrylic is a generic name for derivatives of acrylic acid, of which methyl methacrylate is the most important. Polymerization is controlled to produce chain length of 800 to 3,000 monomer units. A small amount of plasticizer such as dibutyl phthalate may be added before bulk polymerization to assist in deep molding. The outstanding property of polymethyl metliacrylate is 0 transparency resistance to ultraviolet radiation from fluorescent lamps and ability to be... 

Acrylic acid and its esters are used to produce acrylic resins. Depending on the polymerization method, the resins could he used in the adhesive, paint, or plastic industry. 

Paints are complex formulations of polymeric binders with additives including anti-corrosion pigments, colors, plasticizers, ultraviolet absorbers, flame-retardant chemicals, etc. Almost all binders are organic materials such as resins based on epoxy, polyurethanes, alkyds, esters, chlorinated rubber and acrylics. The common inorganic binder is the silicate used in inorganic zinc silicate primer for steel. Specific formulations are available for application to aluminum and for galvanized steel substrates. 

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