Acrylic membrane

S. Matsui and D.R. Paul, Pervaporation Separation of Aromatic/Aliphatic Hydrocarbons by a Series of Ionically Crosslinked Poly(n-alkyl acrylate) Membranes, J. Membr. Sci. 213, 67 (2003). 

Figure 12.1.29. Effect of hexane concentration in feed solution on its concentration in permeate through acrylic membrane. [Data from M Hoshi,...

Figure 12.1.27 shows the relationship between the separation factor and the solubility of solvents in water. The separation of solvent by a pervaporation membrane occurs less efficiently as solvent solubility increases.The more concentrated the solution of solvent, the faster is the separation (Figure 12.1.28). Separation of hexane from a mixture with heptane is similar (Figure 12.1.29). The acrylic membrane shows good selectivity. These examples demonstrate the usefulness of pervaporation membranes in solvent recovery proeesses.

Zhong S, Cui X, Dou S, Liu W, Gao Y, Hong B (2010) Improvement in silicon-containing sulfonated polystyrene/acrylate membranes by blending and crosslinking. Electrochim Acta 55 8410-8415... 

Matsui and Paul (2003) separated aromatic-aliphatic hydrocarbons by a series of ionically cross-linked poly(n-alkyl acrylate) membranes using a PV technique. 

In a recent work [66] inorganic components (Ag, AgCl, KCl) were closed in polyacrylate microspheres and in this form incorporated into the poly(n-butyl acrylate) membrane. For this arrangement, improved potential stability of the electrode was obtained, resulting from more uniform distribution of the components and their reduced leakage from the membrane. 

Polypyrrole doped by chloride ions PPy(Cl) was used as the SC mediating between the poly(n-butyl acrylate) membranes and the glassy carbon electrode [36]. 

With respect to acute toxicity, based on lethaHty in rats or rabbits, acryhc monomers are slightly to moderately toxic. Mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, throat, and gastrointestinal tract are particularly sensitive to irritation. Acrylates can produce a range of eye and skin irritations from slight to corrosive depending on the monomer. 

Methyl acrylate -3 CH2 CHC00CH3 2.8-25.0 1.0 3.0 80 Colourless liquid Acrid odour Extremely irritating to respiratory system, skin and mucous membranes... 

Several selective interactions by MIP membrane systems have been reported. For example, an L-phenylalanine imprinted membrane prepared by in-situ crosslinking polymerization showed different fluxes for various amino acids [44]. Yoshikawa et al. [51] have prepared molecular imprinted membranes from a membrane material which bears a tetrapeptide residue (DIDE resin (7)), using the dry phase inversion procedure. It was found that a membrane which contains an oligopeptide residue from an L-amino acid and is imprinted with an L-amino acid derivative, recognizes the L-isomer in preference to the corresponding D-isomer, and vice versa. Exceptional difference in sorption selectivity between theophylline and caffeine was observed for poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid) blend membranes prepared by the wet phase inversion technique [53]. 

Several authors have discussed the ion exchange potentials and membrane properties of grafted cellulose [135,136]. Radiation grafting of anionic and cationic monomers to impart ion exchange properties to polymer films and other structures is rather promising. Thus, grafting of acrylamide and acrylic acid onto polyethylene, polyethylene/ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer as a blend [98], and waste rubber powder [137,138], allows... 

A variety of ionomers have been described in the research literature, including copolymers of a) styrene with acrylic acid, b) ethyl acrylate with methacrylic acid, and (c) ethylene with methacrylic acid. A relatively recent development has been that of fluorinated sulfonate ionomers known as Nafions, a trade name of the Du Pont company. These ionomers have the general structure illustrated (10.1) and are used commercially as membranes. These ionomers are made by copolymerisation of the hydrocarbon or fluorocarbon monomers with minor amounts of the appropriate acid or ester. Copolymerisation is followed by either neutralisation or hydrolysis with a base, a process that may be carried out either in solution or in the melt. 

Pervaporation Membranes Pervaporation has a long history, and many materials have found use in pervaporation experiments. Cellulosic-based materials have given way to polyvinyl alcohol and blends of polyvinyl alcohol and acrylics in commercial water-removing membranes. These membranes are typically solution cast (from... 

Hydration of polymeric membranes may be influenced by the chemical identity of the polymers. A hydrophilic polymer has a higher potential to hydrate than a hydrophobic one. Sefton and Nishimura [56] studied the diffusive permeability of insulin in polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate (37.1% water), polyhydroxy-ethyl acrylate (51.8% water), polymethacrylic acid (67.5% water), and cupro-phane PT-150 membranes. They found that insulin diffusivity through polyacrylate membrane was directly related to the weight fraction of water in the membrane system under investigation (Fig. 17). 

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