Acrylic acid typical formulation

Anaerobic stmctural adhesives are typically formulated from acryhc monomers such as methyl methacrylate [80-62-6] C Hg02, and methacrylic acid [79-41-4] (see Acrylic ester polymers). Very often, cross-linking agents such as dimethacrylates are also added. A peroxide, such as cumene... 

As pointed out earlier, acrylics differ from the commonly used rubber precursors for PSA formulation in the fact that they often incorporate polar monomers, such as acrylic acid, A-vinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl acetate, or acrylamide. As a result, the solubility parameters of acrylic polymers are typically higher than those of rubbers, like polyisoprenes or polybutadienes. 

Typical formulations of oil-less toners utilizing COCs are shown in Table 2.5. The compatibility with other resins and the pigment dispersibility can be improved by introducing carboxyl groups into the COC by the fusing air oxidation method, maleic anhydride modification, or acrylic acid modification (53). 

After the paper making process is complete, latexes that are useful as binders for the application of clays or CaCC>3 to paper for printing paper may be prepared using the dimer of AMS. In a typical formulation, styrene, butadiene, Me methacrylate, and acrylonitrile were emulsion polymerized in the presence of AMS dimer to obtain a copolymer latex.473 Surprisingly, the AMS dimer was used in combination with tert-dodecylmercaptan, so there may have been some residual odor. Unsaturated carboxylic acids, such as acrylic acid, or sulfonic acids, such as 2-ethylsulfonyl acrylate, or unsaturated amides, such as acrylamide, are also useful, providing the polarity necessary in these applications.474... 

Acrylic Resin and Formulation. The acrylic resin was obtained commercially (Rohm and Haas QR-496) as a 70% solution in 2-butoxy-ethanol. The solvent was removed under vacuum, the final conditions being one hour at 120°C and 2 mm Hg. Typically 2000 grams of the resin as supplied yielded 1452 grams of 100% solids resin (72.1% non-volatile). Titration showed the product had an acid value of 36.8. A typical solids determination of the original solution gave 67.5% nonvolatile, indicating some residual monomer in the resin. 

Commercial electropainting only dates from the early 1960s and the first processes to be introduced used anodic deposition. Some typical paint formulations would contain (i) polycarboxylic acids based on acrylic acid as monomer solubilized by an organic amine, (ii) alkyds, i.e. branched polyesters based on naturally occurring long-chain carboxylic acids and polyalcohols, e.g. glycerol, and (iii) epoxy resins based on phenols, e.g. 

The simplest UV-curable ink or coating formulations may consist of only three components. In practice, however, a typical industrial formulation contains a much greater number of ingredients. The three essential components are (1) a UV-reactive prepolymer which provides the bulk of the desired properties, (2) a diluent system composed of multifunctional acrylate esters (and at times monofunctional acrylic esters) and (3) a photoinitiator system. The most commonly used multifunctional acrylate in an UV-curable ink or coating formulation is an acrylic acid ester of either pentaerythritol (PETA), trimethyl-olpropane (TMPTA) or hexanediol (HDDA). 

Table 6.1 presents a typical formulation for emulsion polymerization. The polymer is mainly made out of a mixture of hard monomers (leading to polymers with a high glass transition temperature, Tg for example, styrene) and soft" monomers (low Tgi for example, butyl acrylate) of low solubility in water. In addition, small amounts of functional monomers such as acrylic and methacrylic acids are included in the formulation as they provide some special characteristics, such as improved adhesion. Crosslinking agents and chain-transfer agents (CTAs) are used to control the molecular weight distribution of the polymer. 

Short homopolymers of acrylic acid (particularly in the range of 2000—4500 molecular weight) are superior to long-chain pol3aners and copolymers. Crystal inhibition and dispersion (typical of the short-chain polymers) are more important in the automatic dishwashing formulations than sequestration (typical of long-chain copolymers). 

Blends of ethylene copolymers (such as ethylene-vinyl acetate, ethylene-ethyl acrylate, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers) have been typically added to LDPE, HDPE and LLDPE to improve filler and additive acceptance, balance film properties, improve environmental stress crack resistance, tear resistance, toughness and surface properties. These blends are particularly prevalent in film formulations and as such are rarely disclosed by the manufacturer. Equistar has introduced functionalized polyolefins (Integrate ) to improve dispersion and adhesion in wood fiber filled and mineral filled polyolefin composites. Arkema Group offers Lotryl ethylene-acrylate (methyl, butyl and 2-ethyl hexyl) copolymers and notes the wide range of compatibility with other polyolefins as well as polyamides and polyesters. 

A typical exterior acrylic paint formulation see Appendix A) was thickened with a commercial HASE thickener that contained 5.23 meq/g of carboxylic acid functionality (4). This thickener was modified with 1 to 25 lb (1 lb = 0.4536 kg) of zinc oxide (French process) in the mill base in one set of paints and with post-added zinc ammonium complex such as acetate, carbonate, bicarbonate, or glycinate in another set of paints. 

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