Acrylic acid Cyanamide

Materials. Monomers used in the preparation of the copolymers were as follows acrylamide as a 50% solution in water, stablized with cupric ion, supplied by American Cyanamid Company acrylic acid supplied by BASF and AMPS, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, (recrystallized grade) obtained from Lubrizol. The sodium salts of acrylic acid and AMPS were prepared by gradual neutralization of the monomers with sodium hydroxide solution, maintaining a temperature of 0 to 5°C, to give a final concentration of 50%. 

Segro, N. R., and J. H. Daniel, American Cyanamid Company Graft polymerization of certain esters of acrylic acid with cellulose substrate. U. S. 2,955,015 (October 4, 1960). 

Essentially, all primary skin irritants include acids, alkalis, metals, salts, and solvents. Among organic acids one may include acetic acid, acrylic acid, carbolic acid, chloroacetic acid, formic acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, and salicylic acid. Among inorganic acids one may list arsenious acid, chromic acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and sulfuric acid. Alkalis include butylamines, ethylamines, ethanolamines, methylamines, propylamines, and triethanolamine. One also may include ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calcium cyanamide, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate (soda ash), sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), and sodium silicate. 

The heat of hydration is approximately —70 kj/mol (—17 kcal/mol). This process usually produces no waste streams, but if the acrylonitrile feed contains other nitrile impurities, they will be converted to the corresponding amides. Another reaction that is prone to take place is the hydrolysis of acrylamide to acrylic acid and ammonia. However, this impurity can usually be kept at very low concentrations. American Cyanamid uses a similar process in both the United States and Europe, which provides for their own needs and for sales to the merchant market. 

Benzeneamine, N-hydroxy-N-nitroso,ammonium salt Nitrilotrlacetic acid 4,4 -Thiodianiline Ethyl acrylate Butyl acrylate Ethyleneimine (Aziridine) p-Nrtrosodiphenylamine Calcium cyanamide Hydrazine Aldrin... 

Determination of MCT. The coating systan used consists of a thermosetting acrylic latex, Hycar 2600X256 (EFGoodrich Chenical Division) containing 15 wt.% of a partially methylated melamine formaldehyde, Cymel 373 (American Cyanamid Corporation). Adjustment of the pH level of the coating was achieved by the addition of p—toluene sulfonic acid. 

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