Acrylic acid ambient

Note Maximum ambient levels for ethylene oxide are 0.3 ppb at the plant fence. Maximum total emissions of the VOCs acetaldehyde, acrylic acid, benzyl chloride, carbon tetrachloride, chlorofluorocarbons, ethyl acrylate, halons, maleic anhydride, 1,1,1-trichlorethane, trichloroethylene, and trichlorotoluene are 20 mg/Nnf. Maximum total heavy metal emissions are 1.5 mg/Nnf. 

In nonrigid ionomers, such as elastomers in which the Tg is situated below ambient temperature, even greater changes can be produced in tensile properties by increase of ion content. As one example, it has been found that in K-salts of a block copolymer, based on butyl acrylate and sulfonated polystyrene, both the tensile strength and the toughness show a dramatic increase as the ion content is raised to about 6 mol% [10]. Also, in Zn-salts of a butyl acrylate/acrylic acid polymer, the tensile strength as a function of the acrylic acid content was observed to rise from a low value of about 3 MPa for the acid copolymer to a maximum value of about 15 MPa for the ionomer having acrylic acid content of 5 wt% [II]. Other examples of the influence of ion content on mechanical properties of ionomers are cited in a recent review article [7],... 

The influence of ambient aging at 70°F and accelerated aging at 160°F on the stress-strain behavior of carboxy-terminated polybutadiene, polybutadiene-acrylic acid, polybutadiene-acrylic acid-acrylonitrile, and hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene composite propints is shown in Figures 10 and 11. The elastomers and curative agents for these formulations are listed below... 

DSC can be used effectively in the isothermal mode as well. In this case, the container with the sample is inserted into the DSC preheated to the desired test temperature. This type of experiment should be performed to examine systems for induction periods that occur with autocatalytic reactions and with inhibitor depletion reactions. (Reactions with induction periods can give misleading results in the DSC operated with increasing temperature scans.) Autocatalytic reactions are those whose rates are proportional to the concentration of one or more of the reaction products. Some hydroperoxides and peroxy esters exhibit autocatalytic decomposition. Inhibitor depletion can be a serious problem with certain vinyl monomers, such as styrene and acrylic acid, that can initiate polymerization at ambient temperatures and then selfheat into runaways. Isothermal DSC tests can be used to determine a time to runaway that is related to the inhibitor concentration. 

A terpolymer of butadiene, acrylonitrile, and acrylic acid can be made by similar procedures developed for the copolymer. Substitution of this terpolymer in propellant formulation results in a higher modulus and a greater resistance to creep without appreciable sacrifice of strain capability except at temperatures below ambient. 

A reactor was charged with acrylic acid (20 g), 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (380 g), boiling point Spirit 69/95 (133 g), and 133 g of acetone. The mixture was then heated to 58°C and treated with Vazo-67 (0.2 g) and then further heated to 77°C. After a reaction time of 2.5 hours additional acetone (100 g) was added. After 4 hours the mixture was treated with additional Vazo-67 (0.2 g). After a further polymerization time of5 hours a second dilution with acetone (100 g) was made. Finally after an additional 6 hours the mixture was diluted with boiling point Spirit 60/95 (100 g). The polymerization was discontinued after 24 hours and the reaction vessel cooled to ambient temperature. The product was isolated having an Mw of 365,000 Da with a PDI of 16.46 with gas-phase chromatography (GPC) peaks ranging from 79,400 to 697,000 Da. 

A mixture consisting of the step 2 product (40 g), potassium bicarbonate (48.7 g), tetra-butylammonium iodide (8.0 g), 2,6-di-ter -butyl-4-mcthylphcnol (1.74 g), and 500 ml THF was treated with acrylic acid (11.2 g) and then refluxed for 6.5 hours and stirred at ambient temperature for 16 hours. Thereafter it was diluted with diethyl ether, washed with water, dried, filtered, concentrated, and then dissolved in hot isopropyl alcohol. Upon cooling solids precipitated from the solution and the product isolated after filtering, mp = 50°C. 

Figure 2 Typical PL enhancements due to exposure to amines (a) etched n-CdSe surface exposed to ammonia (b) etched w-CdSe surface exposed to trimethylamine (c) n-CdSe coated with a trimethylamine-imprinted PAA film exposed sequentially to ammonia and trimethylamine and (d) n-CdSe coated with an ammonia-imprinted poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) film exposed sequentially to ammonia and ttimethylamine. Nitrogen gas was used as the reference ambient between exposures to the amine-containing ambients with the indicated partial pressures. Samples were excited at 633 nm and the PL was monitored at 720 nm.

Further evidence for the addition of H2S to carbon-carbon double bonds very early in sediments, and further insights into reaction mechanisms, have been reported by Vairavamurthy and Mopper in 1987 and 1989 (109.110). They identified 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA) as a major thiol in anoxic intertidal marine sediment and demonstrated that the thiol formation could occur by the reaction of HS with acrylic acid in sediment water and seawater at ambient temperature The formation of 3-MPA was hypothesized to occur by a Michael addition mechanism whereby the nucleophile HS adds to the activated double bond in the a,/3-unsaturated carbonyl system ... 

With excess nitrosyl chloride, a chloronitro product is obtained in certain cases, a wide variety of ste-roid-5-enes giving 5a-chloro-63-nitro derivatives in good yield (CH2CI2/CCI4, to 0 C, 2-24 h). Nitryl chloride adds to terminal alkenes (56-80%) and to acrylic acid derivatives (refs. 239,240 and references cited therein) at temperatures close to ambient. The reaction appears to be a radical one, the NO2 entering the terminal position whatever the electronic requirement of the alkene. 

A novel class of complexes, Ir-(5 )-26a, with chiral spiro aminophosphine ligands was found to be effective catalyst for the asymmetric hydrogenation of a-substituted acrylic acids (Scheme 11) [62]. Under mild reaction conditions and at ambient pressure, various a-aryl and alkyl propionic acids were produced with extremely high efficiency (TONS up to 10 000 TOFs up to 6000h ) and excellent enantioselectivity (up to 99% ee). This reaction provides a practically useful method for the preparation of a-aryl propionic acids, a popular class of non-steroid anti-inflammtory reagents. 

Ambient temperature emission intensities and lifetimes from the salts of Ru(bpy>3 + and of Ru(bpy)2(py)2 + as solids and as solutions in the polymers poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVP) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) have recently been studied as a function of pressure to 7 GPa in a diamond anvil cell [33], For the Ru(bpy)3+ emission in the PAA and PVP solutions, intensities and lifetimes both decreased monotonically to about 35 and 50% of the original values, respectively, as pressure was raised from 0.1 MPa to 7 GPa. This... 

Acrylic Acid Chemical respirator at ambient temperatures to avoid inhalation of noxious fumes, rubber gloves if exposed to wet materials, acid goggles or face shield for splash exposure, safety shower and/or eye fountain may be required. Get medical attention promptly for all exposures. Rush with water for at least 15 minutes. Hush with water for at least 15 minutes. 

ACRYLIC ACID, METHYL ESTER (96-33-3) Forms explosive mixture with air (flash point 27°F/—3°C oc). Forms unstable peroxides in storage. Heat above 70°F/2I°C, light, and/or lack of appropriate inhibitor concentration can cause explosive polymerization. Elevated temperatures may cause storage containers to explode. Violent reaction with strong oxidizers. Incompatible with strong acids, alkalis, aliphatic amines, alkanolamines. Usually stored in ambient air below 50°F/10°C. The uninhibited monomer vapor may block vents and confined spaces by forming a solid polymer material. 

Ambient temperature emission intensities and lifetimes from Ru(bpy) + and Ru(bpy)2(py)2 salts in solutions of poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVP) and poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) have been studied at pressures to 7 GPa in a diamond anvil cell [10],... 

The poly(acrylic acid) was dispersed in vigorously agitated water at ambient temperature, and stirring was continued for 20 min. The solution was then stored, without agitation, for 1 h in a water bath at 25 °C to ensure hydration of the polymer. Agitation was resumed and the oil phase was added to the polymer solution. Agitation was continued for a further 30 min, then the solution was neutralized to the desired pH by addition of appropriate amounts of triethanolamine. Polymer concentrations of 0.1 to 1.0 wt % over a pH range of 3 to 9 were studied. 

Acrylic acid may readily polymerize at ambient temperature. Polymerization may be inhibited with 200 ppm of hydroquinone monomethyl ether (Aldrich 2006). In the presence of a catalyst or at an elevated tem-peratnre, the polymerization rate may accelerate, causing an explosion. The reactions of acrylic acid with amines, imines, and olenm are exothermic bnt not violent. Acrylic acid shonld be stored below its melting point with a trace quantity of polymerization inhibitor. Its reactions with strong oxidizing snbstances can be violent. 

Clay and mineral fillers have been used for reducing production costs and improving the comprehensive water absorbing properties of superabsorbent materials For example, a poly(acrylic acid)/mica superabsorbent has been synthesized with water absorbency higher than 1100 g H20/g In a typical method of preparation, acrybc acid monomer is neutralized at ambient temperature with an amount of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to achieve 65% neutralization (optimum) Dry ultrafine (<0.2 tm) mica powder (10 wt%) is added, followed by cross-linker N,N-methylene-bisacrylamide (0.10 wt%) and radical initiator, potassium persulfate The mixture is heated to 60-70°C in a water bath for 4 h. The product is washed, dried under vacuum at 50°C, and screened. 

Plasma-deposited allylanune films were studied by in situ ToF-SIMS before exposure to ambient air by Oran et al. [151]. The results indicated that aUylamine monomer s primary amino groups were partially transformed into other nitrogen functionalities during plasma polymerization. The same principle was applied for acrylic acid (AA) monomers. The resulting polymer films were used for surface modification of T1O2 nanoparticles [152], By means of SIMS, it was shown that AA films contain low MW oligomeric components. 

Head-to-head poly(acrylic acid) is also accessible by hydrolysis. Standing in water at ambient temperature the alternating copolymer of ethylene and maleic anhydride gives the poly acid [480]. 

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