Acids Zirconium chloride

The tetramer exists in two-molal zirconium chloride and nitrate solutions, but it polymerizes into cross-linked chains on hydrolysis (190—191) in strong acid solutions, the hydroxyl bridges can be replaced by other anions to form trimers (192) and monomers (192—193). 

As shown in Table IV, the highest catalytic activity of metal halides used as Lewis acid for the alkylation reaction of ferrocene with 2 was observed in methylene chloride solvent. Among Lewis acids such as aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide, and Group 4 transition metal chlorides (TiCl4, ZrCU, HfCU), catalytic efficiency for the alkylation decrea.ses in the following order hafnium chloride > zirconium chloride > aluminum chloride > aluminum bromide. Titanium chloride... 

Sodium hydride Sodium hydrosulfite Sulfur chlorides Sulfuric acid Sulfuryl chloride Tetraethyl lead Tetramethyl lead Thionyl chloride Titanium tetrachloride Toluene diisocyanate Trichlorosilane Triethylaluminum Triethylborane Triisobutylaluminum Trimethylaluminum Trimethylchlorosilane Tripropyl aluminum Vanadium tetrachloride Vinyl trichlorosilane Zirconium tetrachloride... 

A stereoselective tandem iodination and aldol-type condensation has been described for the reaction of methyl propiolate and carbonyl compounds in the presence of a stoichiometric amount of tetra-n-butylammonium iodide and zirconium chloride to yield Z-3-iodo-2-(l-hydroxyalkyl)propenoates, as the major products [48]. No reaction occurs in the absence of the Lewis acid. There does not appear to be any control on the chirality of the hydroxyl centre. 

Reacitons with mineral acids followed hy crystaUization forms corresponding zirconium salts. Thus hydrochloric, sulfuric, and phosphoric acids yield chloride, sulfate and phosphate of zirconium respectively. 

Reaction with nitric acid forms zirconium nitrate and with hydrochloric acid, zirconyl chloride, ZrOCb, is produced. 

Glycosyl halides (7a-e) were stereoselectively transformed into l,2-tra s-thio-glycoses by i) (8a-d, 8j) a two-step procedure via the pseudothiourea derivatives [9,10a] the substitution of halide by thiourea is mostly a S l-type reaction since acetylated 1-thio-a-D-mannose (8b) was obtained from acetobromoman-nose (7b) [9cj ii) (8e-i) using thiolates in protic and aprotic solvents [10], or under phase transfer catalysis conditions [11]. Another approach involved the reaction of thioacetic acid with 1,2-trans-per-O-acetylated glycoses catalyzed with zirconium chloride [12]. The 1,2-trans-peracetylated 1-thioglycoses (8e-h) were obtained in high yield. No anomerized products could be detected in these reactions (Fig. 1). 

Barium Superoxide Basic Bismuth Chloride Basic Zirconium Chloride Battery Acid BBH... 

Dry chlorine gas, hypochlorous acid, thallic chloride, silicon tetrachloride, stannic chloride, zirconium tetrachloride, phosphorus trichloride, mercurous chloride, thionyl chloride, benzene sulphonic chloride, benzal chloride,phenyl iododichloride. ... 

Various Lewis acids have been employed, most commonly BF3-etherate [34,35], but also zinc chloride, stannic chloride, ferric chloride [36], zirconium chloride [37] and titanium chlo-ride/indium chloride [38], with similar results. Recently 18 different oxometallic species were investigated as catalysts, and of these M0O2CI2 (3 mol%) was found to be the most efficient affording thioglycosides in 75-94% yield [39]. 

NaBH4-ZrCl4. The Lewis acidity of zirconium chloride also facilitates the cleavage of... 

Homologation-condensation. 3-Acyltetramic acids are accessible from N-acylacetylglycine esters. In turn the latter compounds may be assembled from a-diazo acetamide derivatives and aldehydes with elimination of dinitrogen. Zirconium chloride is a useful catalyst. 

The alkylation of paraSins with olefins to yield higher molecular weight branched-chain paraffins may be carried out thermally or catalyt-ically. The catalysts for the reaction fall into two principal classes, both of which may be referred to as acid-acting catalysts (1) anhydrous halides of the Friedel-Crafts type and (2) acids. Representatives of the first type are aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide, zirconium chloride, and boron fluoride gaseous hydrogen halides serve as promoters for these catalysts. The chief acid catalysts are concentrated sulfuric acid and liquid hydrogen fluoride. Catalytic alkylations are carried out under sufficient pressure to keep at least part of the reactants in the liquid phase. 

The weakly acidic sulfuric acid solution is precipitated with ammonia and the hydroxide is filtered off. If the precipitate still exhibits a high Si content, it is dissolved in cone, hydrochloric acid and the solution Is evaporated to dryness this procedure is repeated several times. On redlssolving in water, SiOg and some basic zirconium chloride become the insoluble residue. If no Si Is evident in the hydroxide, the fresh gel is dissolved in cold hydrochloric acid and the oxychloride is allowed to crystallize by adding cone, hydrochloric acid or saturating with HCl. The crystals are filtered and washed with 8N HCl. 

ZrOClj.SH O, white crystals that are soluble in water, insoluble in organic solvents, and acidic in aqueous solution used for textile dyeing and oil-field acidizing, in cosmetics and greases, and for antiperspirants and water repellents. Also known as basic zirconium chloride zirconyl chloride. 

Neodecanoic acid, zirconium salt. See Zirconium neodecanoate Neodecanoyl chloride CAS 40292-82-8... 

Perchloric acid Phosphoric acid Phosphorus Phosphorus, yellow Potassium bisulfite Potassium ferricyanide Potassium tetraoxalate Salicylaldehyde Terephthalic acid Tetrazolium chloride Zirconium tetrachloride analytical chemistry standard Benzoic acid... 

Tetrabutyl titanate Tetraisopropyl titanate p-Toluene sulfonic acid Trifluoromethane sulfonic acid Xylene sulfonic acid Zirconium butoxide catalyst, esterification reactions Chlorosulfuric acid catalyst, esterifying plasticizers Stannous chloride anhydrous catalyst, esterifying polyesters Stannous chloride anhydrous... 

Hydrogen cyanide Iron oxide black Mercury chloride (ic) Nickel cyanide Nitric acid Sodium chloride Sulfurous acid Zirconium potassium hexafluoride metallurgy, aluminum Sodium silicofluoride metallurgy, beryllium Sodium silicofluoride metallurgy, ore separation Phosgene metals... 

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