Acid ingestion

The result of this biosynthesis is that the product is nicotinic acid mononucleotide rather than free nicotinic acid. Ingested nicotinic acid is converted to nicotinic acid mononucleotide which, in turn, is converted to nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide. Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide is then converted to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. If excess nicotinic acid is ingested, it is metabolized into a series of detoxification products (Fig. 4). Physiological metabohtes include /V-methylnicotinamide (19) and A/-methyl-6-pyridone-2-carboxamide (24) (1). 

Acid ingestion (ammonium chloride, hydrochloric acid, hyperalimentation)... 

Poteshman NL Corrosive gastritis due to hydrochloric acid ingestion. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 99 IS2-IS5, 1967... 

There is little reported information on industrial exposure, although chronic inflammation of the upper respiratory tract has been described in a worker exposed to hot vapor arising from oxalic acid. Ingestion of as little as 5 g has caused fatalities there is rapid onset of shock, collapse, and convulsions. The convulsions are thought to be the result of hypocalcemia due to the calcium-complexing action of oxalic acid, which depresses the level of ionized calcium in body fluids. Marked renal damage from deposition of calcium oxalate may occur. A study of railroad car cleaners with heavy exposure to oxalic acid solutions found an increased incidence of urinary stones. There was a 53% incidence of urolithiasis in exposed workers compared with a rate of 12% in unexposed workers from the same company. ... 

Canada Domoic acid Ingestion of mussels contaminated with domoic acid causes 129 illness and 2 deaths. Symptoms include memory loss, disorientation, and seizures... 

The authors postulated that iodide toxicity had resulted in hemolysis and hemoglobinuria, which, together with acute interstitial nephritis secondary to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis from mefenamic acid ingestion, had resulted in acute renal insufficiency. The mechanism of hemolysis resulting from toxic doses of iodine is not clear, although it may reflect inhibition of various red cell enzymes. 

Because of the short duration and severity of the metabolic acidosis, together with a near-normal lactate concentration, acid ingestion was the most likely cause for his acid-base disorder. This diagnosis was confirmed once the composition of the ingested fluid was known. 

DeMars CS, Hollister K, Tomassoni A, Himmelfarb J, Halperin ML. Citric acid ingestion a life-threatening cause of metabolic acidosis. Ann Emerg Med 2001 38(5) 588-91. 

Saryan LA, Reedy M. 1988. Chromium determinations in a case of chromic acid ingestion. J Anal Toxicol 12 162-164. 

Price (Pll) found that when human subjects with no known disease were given 2-4 or 8 g L-tryptophan in a single dose, the increased urinary excretion of the metabolites was not strictly proportional to the amount of amino acid ingested. Thus, when 2 g L-tryptophan was administered, about 1.8% of the amino acid could be recovered in urine in the form of increased excretion of the metabolites. When the dose was 4 or 8 g, 2.7 or 6.8% respectively, could be recovered. These figures are in good agreement with those obtained by us with a different method. 

It is a white solid used in removal of certain kinds of stains, in removing calcium ions from solutions, and in tanning leather. It occurs naturally and is toxic. The potassium and calcium salts of oxalic acid are found naturally in cabbage, spinach, and rhubarb leaves, and are also found in the bark of some species of eucalyptus trees. The metabolism of sugar by many species of mold results in the production of oxalic acid. Ingestion of large amounts can cause kidney damage, convulsions, and death. 

Auer BL, Auer D, Rodgers AL. The effect of ascorbic acid ingestion on the biochemical and physicochemical risk factors associated with calcium oxalate kidney stone formation. Clin Chem Lab Med 1998 36(3) 143-7. 

Fourteen cases of acute boric acid ingestion were reported in New York City over 30 months. In these patients excretion of urinary riboflavin (vitamin B2) was determined, and in about two-thirds it was significantly increased. This is not surprising, since riboflavin and boric acid are known to form a water-soluble complex. The range of lethal doses is 1-3 g for babies, 5 g for infants, and 15-20 g for adults. 

Rowbotham B, Roeser HP. Iron overload associated with congenital pyruvate kinase deficiency and high dose ascorbic acid ingestion. Aust NZ J Med 1984 14(5) 667-9. 

Hysell JK, HyseU JW, Gray JM. Thrombocytopenic purpura following iopanoic acid ingestion. JAMA 1977 237(4) 361-2. 

Very small amounts of nalidixic acid pass into the breast milk. Use during lactation should therefore also be avoided. Rare cases of hemolytic anemia in the newborn have been related to nalidixic acid ingested through breast milk (15). 

Litovitz TL, Klein-Schwartz W, and Oderda GM (1988) Clinical manifestations of toxicity in a series of 784 boric acid ingestions. American lournal of Emergency Medicine 6 209-213. 

Kelley, D.S., Taylor, P.C., Nelson, G.J., Schmidt, P.C., Ferretti, A., Erickson, K.L., Yu, R., Chandra, R.K. and Mackey, B.E. (1999) Docosahexaenoic acid ingestion inhibits natural killer cell activity and production of inflammatory mediators in young healthy men. Lipids. 34 317-324. 

Fig. 13.12 Polyunsaturated fatty acids required for eicosanoid synthesis. Oleic acid is the only fatty acid synthesized by mammals de novo. Linoleic (co-3) and a-linolenic acid (9 or greater fatty acids. Ingested o>3 fatty acids are metabolized to other co-3 fatty acids with o>9 double bonds. The same applies to co-6 fatty acids. The major dietary sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids are fish and plants oils...

Jeanningros R. 1984. Lateral hypothalamic responses to pre-absorptive and post-absorptive signals related to amino acid ingestion. J Auton Nerv Syst 10 261-268. 

Alcoholic ketoacidosis Acid ingestion (hydrochloric acid or ammonium chloride)... 

The type and amount of protein consumed might affect the uptake and distribution of Hg in the bo(fy. Low protein intakes have been associated with increased Hg in the brain of the mouse (Adachi et al. 1994 Adachi et al. 1992). Sulfur amino acid ingestion might also increase blood, renal, and hepatic concentrations of Hg. Cysteine appeared to enhance transport of MeHg to the brains of rodents (Aschner and Claikson 1987 1988 Aschner and Aschner 1990 Hirayama 1985) when the amino acid was injected into the animals at the time of oral dosing or injection of MeHg chloride. There is some indication that... 

L3. Lamden, M. P., and Chrystowski, G. A., Urinary oxalate excretion by man following ascorbic acid Ingestion. Froc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med. 86, 190 (1954). 

Collagen is generally considered to be an incomplete protein since the concentration of some essential amino acids is low in collagen and consequently, in gelatin (Belitz et al, 2004 Nelson and Cox, 2005). However, when eaten as part of a meal, the contribution of gelatin to the amino acid ingestion needs to be considered. 

Acid ingestion may bum mouth, throat, oesophagus and stomach. Typical symptons are sickness, vomiting, collapse and even death. 

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